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Beyonce Works Out, Eats Healthy, and Still Eats Pizza — You Can, Too – Showbiz Cheat Sheet
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
Beyonce Knowles is one of the biggest superstars in the world, with a massive fanbase, multiple hit records, and a lifestyle that is the envy of many.
Many of Beyonces fans know and recognize her for the way she works a stage a Queen B performance is definitely an experience to remember, with multiple costume changes, acrobatics, and dance moves that are truly impressive.
Beyonce has worked hard for her success and her stage shows come at a price.
The singer keeps herself in fighting shape by eating healthy and working out regularly but she also keeps it real, and knows not to deprive herself of anything she truly loves. Read on to learn about Beyonces diet and exercise routine, and the foods that she occasionally splurges on.
Beyonce is well known for her curvy figure, but that doesnt mean the superstar allows herself to eat junk food and sweets on the regular. Several years ago, Beyonce and her husband, Jay-Z, started eating a plant-based diet in order to become healthier for themselves and for their children.
She has acknowledged that eating plant-based enables her to feel better and gives her skin a healthy glow.
For breakfast, Beyonce sticks to light meals that dont drain her energy things like egg white scrambles, smoothies, and cereal with low-fat milk. For lunches and dinners, Beyonce enjoys lots of vegetables and lean meats. She also enjoys fish, which isnt packed of calories but still keeps her full throughout the day.
Following Beyonces tough pregnancy with her twins Rumi and Sir, the singer decided to go on a more intense diet in order to prepare for her big Coachella performance. Her diet required her to cut out all sugar and alcohol and to eat strictly vegan foods. Beyonce stuck to it and showed up to Coachella in better shape than ever.
While a good diet is an important part of a healthy lifestyle, being active is also vital. Beyonce has admitted that shes not a naturally thin person and has to work hard in order to stay in fighting shape. For her, staying fit is about mental strength and involves a lot of sacrifices. Beyonce favors interval training, which burns a lot of calories in a short amount of time.
Beyonce stays motivated by listening to great songs while working out and loves to dance as one way of getting her exercise in. Its no secret that Beyonce is very confident. She loves her natural shape and has stated that its not about perfection. Its about purpose.
Beyonce loves a good salad and light dinners of fish and veggies, but she still wont deprive herself of the foods and treats that she likes best. Sundays are Beyonces cheat day, where she allows herself to eat whatever she wants without guilt.
The iconic singer has admitted that pizza is her absolute favorite comfort food and that normally, her Sunday cheat meals include pizza. She prefers her pizza with extra tomatoes and jalapeno peppers.
Queen B also loves hot sauce and likes to add it to lots of different dishes to amp up the flavor and spice. Finally, Beyonce has a soft spot for a couple of fast-food restaurants, including the Southern-style chain Popeyes and In-N-Out burger.
Beyonces diet is one of the more realistic ones in Hollywood, showing that people dont have to starve themselves in order to stay fit and healthy and that regular treats are an important part of staying happy and emotionally balanced.
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What Was Kept in This Stone Age Meat Locker? Bone Marrow – The New York Times
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
Sealed for millenniums, Qesem Cave in central Israel is a limestone time capsule of the lives and diets of Paleolithic people from 420,000 to 200,000 years ago. Inside, ancient humans once butchered fresh kills with stone blades and barbecued meat on campfires.
It was believed that early hominins were consuming everything they could put their hands on immediately, without storing or preserving or keeping things for later, said Ran Barkai, an archaeologist at Tel Aviv University in Israel.
But not every meal was scarfed down right after a hunt. Dr. Barkai and his colleagues have found that the caves earliest inhabitants may have also stored animal bones filled with tasty marrow that they feasted on for up to nine weeks after the kill, sort of like a Stone Age canned soup.
The finding may be the earliest example of prehistoric humans saving food for later consumption, and may also offer insight into the abilities of ancient humans to plan for their future needs. The study was published Wednesday in Science Advances.
Dr. Barkais team examined cut marks on nearly 82,000 animal fragments from Qesem Cave, most belonging to fallow deer. The researchers noticed unusual, heavy chop marks on the ends of some leg bones known as the metapodials.
The chop marks make no sense in terms of stripping off the bone, because at this part of the bone there is no meat and very little fat, Dr. Barkai said.
Usually, stripping the hide from a fresh bone requires minimal force, he said. But the heavy chops indicated that the processing used more force than should have been necessary.
We had a hypothesis that these unusual chop marks at the end of the meatless bones had to do with the removal of dry skin, he said. But why were they doing that?
The team concluded that the ancient hominins, who shared features with Homo sapiens and Neanderthals but were probably neither, were removing dry skin on the bones to get to the marrow.
That presented another question: If they were after marrow, why not just remove it from the bone when it was fresh? The researchers hypothesized that the chop marks were an indication that the early humans stored the bones so they could eat the marrow later.
To test their idea, the team collected freshly killed deer leg bones and then stored them for several weeks in conditions similar to those inside the cave. After every week, they would break open a bone and analyze the marrow to see how nutritious it still was.
Every time, a researcher would remove the dried skin using a flint flake and then hammer open the bone with a quartzite tool, similar to what the ancient people would have had used. The researcher wasnt given instructions on how to open the bone.
The team found that the researchers chop marks on the older leg bones with dried skin were similar to what they saw in Qesem Cave.
It was a surprise when we realized that the same marks were generated experimentally, said Ruth Blasco, a zooarchaeologist at the National Research Centre on Human Evolution in Spain and lead author on the study. The Qesem hominids have demonstrated very modern behavior in their livelihood strategies.
Their chemical test showed that after nine weeks, the fat in the bone marrow degraded only a little and was still nutritious.
Jessica Thompson, an archaeologist at Yale University, said the paper was a creative approach to reconstructing a past behavior that is notoriously difficult to identify in the archaeological record.
Their experimental work does a lot to convince me that some of the bones were not very fresh when they were processed, although it is still not clear how common this behavior was, Dr. Thompson said.
Briana Pobiner, a paleoanthropologist at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, praised the study and said that if this removal of dry skin did leave a unique butchery mark, its now up to us zooarchaeologists to look for these traces in older fossil assemblages to see if we can document a greater antiquity of this food storage behavior.
As for the marrow, how did it taste? One of the researchers couldnt resist trying it.
It is like a bland sausage, without salt, and a little stale, said Jordi Rosell, an archaeologist at Rovira i Virgili University in Spain. I can say that its taste was not bad, perhaps a little more rancid in the last weeks, but not bad.
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Is This the Shape of Things to Come? – The New York Times
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
In June the F.D.A. cleared two more treatments for those who want a little muscle without the, er, heavy lifting. One is truSculpt Flex, which pumps up muscle via electrical current, which is similar in principle to the ab belts of those late-night infomercials except it has electrodes that can work on eight areas simultaneously.
The other is CoolTone, an Allergan offering coming later this month, which uses the same principles as Emsculpt but claims to be 50 percent stronger. (Brent Hauser, the vice president for sales and marketing at Allergan, said in an email that tests havent yet concluded how much added muscle mass that amounts to.)
Of course there is a giant asterisk next to these devices, which is that theyre designed for regular gymgoers with minimal extra weight very, very minimal, as in a B.M.I. of 25 or less, Brad Hauser, the vice president for research and development at Allergan, wrote in an email. (Brad Hauser and Brent Hauser are identical twins.) They can be used alone, if you have minimal body fat, but theyre designed so they can be paired, one treatment after another in the same visit, with the fat busters.
How well this entire category of noninvasive devices works is relative.
Liposuction is definitely the gold standard theres no question it works better, said Dr. Mathew Avram, the faculty director for dermatology laser and cosmetic training at Harvard Medical School, as well as a CoolSculpting adviser. But weve seen that patients are willing to pay a premium for modest results with no downtime.
In 2018, the average cost of liposuction was $3,518, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. The average CoolSculpting treatment is $2,000 to $4,000, according to company figures, and fat-liquefying lasers like truSculpt ID are $2,150.
The muscle devices offer only temporary results (unlike the fat ones, which are permanent), though again with an asterisk: Ones weight remains the same. Clients feel the muscle firmness (and soreness) immediately, but, as with the fat zappers, results can take some two months to show up.
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Is This the Shape of Things to Come? - The New York Times
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More precision feeding with digestibility enhancers – Pig Progress
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
Precision feeding emerged 30 years ago and has gained high-level interest since then. These days, precision feeding meets sustainability interests and both concepts find synergies in balancing environmental, economic and social interests of the livestock industry. In this context, algae-clay based technology to improve efficacy of digestive enzymes is promising.
Precision feeding can be defined as:
the development and implementation of feeding techniques that provide the right amount of feed, at the right quality, to each animal or group of animals, each day, depending on their own individual needs and variability.
Over the years, the level of precision has increased thanks to a better comprehension of pig physiological needs, but also with the development of analytical and modelling tools.
Ulva lactuca, also known as sea lettuce, is a good raw material for animal nutrition products. Photo: Dreamstime
In a 2001 publication, scientists Theo van Kempen and Eric van Heugten of North Carolina State University described new recommendations and innovations for precision nutrition. They stressed the need for formulating feed on available nutrient basis, rather than gross nutrient content. They also recommended analysing each batch of ingredients reaching the feed mill using more accurate analytical technologies like infrared spectroscopy. They suggested integrating price of interest of raw materials in formulation software, to formulate on economic interest and not only nutritional interest. The implementation of split sex feeding and phase feeding was also at the heart of their message.
In 1998, Dean Koehler of Agri-Nutrition Services showed that savings of US$0.06 to US$1.14 were made on diet cost per pig for each additional feeding phase implemented on grow-finish pigs (from 2 to 12 phases).
20 years later, the recommendations of Mr van Kempen and Mr van Heugten are part of the routine work of pig nutritionists and producers worldwide, illustrating how much precision feeding has driven innovation in animal nutrition.
Raw materials reaching feed mills are all analysed for nutritional content (not only protein), most often using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology. Feeds are formulated on a net energy basis, which is much closer to the final use of energy than digestible or metabolisable energy, which tend to underestimate energy values of fat and starch rich ingredients, and overestimate energy values of protein rich ingredients. The standard grow-finish pig feed has been replaced by a minimum of 3 feeding phases, along with the evolution of farm equipment to meet these advancements. The evaluation of animal nutrient requirements has also improved, all leading to much more efficient performance in pig farms.
Meanwhile, room for improvement remains important with knowledge constantly improving on pig dietary metabolism and the rapid development of new technologies for real-time measurements. In a 2019 publication, Candido Pomar and Aline Remus of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, talk about precision pig feeding as a breakthrough toward sustainability and review recent and upcoming innovations that contribute to improve precision nutrition and sustainability of farming systems.
In 2012, Luciano Hauschild and others of So Paulo State University introduced a model capable of estimating daily optimal lysine concentration for a pig (Figure 1). The model records pig weight and feed intake every day and uses it to estimate the expected feed intake and growth for the next day, from which it provides a lysine concentration recommendation for the feed.
When challenged in 2 validation trials by Ines Andretta and others, again from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, in 2014 and 2016, this model led to reduce total lysine supply by 27% without impacting growth performance of the pigs. Further steps of development of this model will include variation of the pigs in amino acid efficiency (genetically and individually) as well as requirements for other amino acids. Candido Pomar and Aline Remus, of the 2019 publication, estimated that this further precision feeding model improvement can lead to 60% lower nutrient excretion in the future.
Along with all these developments, digestibility enhancers supplemented in swine feed have been used increasingly in the past 20 years, to further improve feed efficiency and limit nutrient waste. Among them, exogenous enzymes can be used to neutralise anti-nutritional factors or to digest substrates that cannot be hydrolysed by endogenous enzymes.
Such products have allowed huge improvements in diet utilisation, the most relevant example being phytase and phosphorus. Other products aim at increasing the digestibility of all nutrients in the diet. This is the case of an innovative algae-clay based product, MFeed+, which patented technology allows for stabilisation and activation of all digestive enzymes along the digestive tract.
In a digestibility study conducted by the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) in 2014, on growing pigs fed diets formulated with wheat, barley, corn and soybean meal as main raw materials, the algae-clay based product increased the ileal digestibility of energy by 3.4%, lysine by 3.6% and threonine by 5.3%.
More recently tested in a commercial research barn in the US (New Horizon Farm, under the supervision of Kansas State University), the product confirmed its interest in improving feed efficiency of finishing pigs. Pigs of 50.7kg average body weight were placed in 22 pens of 27 pigs each, blocked by body weight and arranged in 2 treatments:
They received 3 different diets over the 3-month trial, all corn-soybean based, formulated to meet PIC 2016 requirements.
Results of the study showed a global increase in performance in the algae-clay group, compared to the control group. The growth rate was improved by 2% (P0.05), with the greatest effect observed in the finishing phase (+3%, P0.001). The use of the algae-clay based strategy tended to decrease the overall feed conversion ratio (-1%/ -3pt, P=0.19), with a significant effect in the finishing phase (-6pt, P0.05) (see also Figure 2).
Supplementation of the algae-clay product did not impact the feed cost per kg of gain and increased the revenue by 2%, leading to a higher income over feed cost (+US$0.75/pig).
Precision nutrition has gained increasing interest in the past 20 years and has brought tremendous improvements in terms of feed efficiency and environmental impact. With the ever-increasing understanding of pig physiological needs and individual variability, together with new technology development for accurate and real-time monitoring of pig performance on farm, there is a bright future and exciting perspectives with precision feeding in the pig industry. Feed efficiency will continue to be improved using digestibility enhancers, which help reduce nutrient losses.
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Stress Can Make You Sick. Take Steps to Reduce It. – The New York Times
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
Theyd be motivated for one or two weeks, but it turned out that their sugar or alcohol consumption was their way of coping with all the stress in their lives, Dr. Chatterjee said. Unless we tackled the stress, they were always going to revert back to what they were doing.
Another thing that struck him was how technology is creating a potent new source of stress. Many people wake up and immediately look at their smartphones and check their email or social media. Then they remain glued to their phones throughout the day, staring at them while they eat, sit at their desks, socialize and lie in bed at night.
Dr. Chatterjee saw a growing number of patients complaining of anxiety and mental health issues, and a high proportion of them were spending vast amounts of time on their smartphones. In his book, Dr. Chatterjee explains that studies have linked constant exposure to social media to depression, especially in adolescents and young adults.
Now more than ever before, were starting to recognize that were leading these lives where we can never switch off, Dr. Chatterjee said. Theres always something to do. Im not pro or anti technology, but I think for many of us were using it in ways that are harming us.
While everyones circumstances are unique, there are some things most of us can do to minimize daily stress levels. Studies show that controlled breathing exercises reduce stress, increase alertness and strengthen the immune system. One simple exercise Dr. Chatterjee recommends is called the 3-4-5 Breath, in which you breathe in for three seconds, hold it for four seconds, then exhale slowly to the count of five.
Any time your out-breath is longer than your in-breath, you help to switch off your bodys stress response and promote relaxation, he said.
If you stare at a screen all day, try taking a tech-free lunch break. Put your phone down for 15 minutes and go out for a walk. Research shows that simply being outside in a park can ease anxiety. On days when you cant get outside, try looking at soothing photographs: One study found that looking at photos of trees and nature helped people lower their heart rates and recover from stressful encounters.
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Tom Steyer Thinks His Ranch Can Save the Planet – POLITICO
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine.
PESCADERO, CaliforniaThe climate crisis is the trendiest topic for Democratic presidential candidates, and their trendiest idea is that agriculture can be a big part of the solution instead of a big part of the problem. Theyre pledging to pay farmers and ranchers to capture more carbon in fields and pastures. Theyre promising a new era of smaller and gentler regenerative agriculture to help reverse the damage conventional agriculture inflicts on the land and the atmosphere.
Bernie Sanders, as usual, has the most radical rhetoric: Were going to end factory farming, because its a danger to the environment! But almost all the Democratic hopefuls, from Elizabeth Warren to Cory Booker to also-rans like Tim Ryan, are pitching regenerative solutions to degraded soils, polluted waters, and an overheated planet, not to mention their partys political struggles in rural America. Imagine what it would mean if a net-zero-emissions cattle farm were as big a symbol of American achievement in fighting the climate crisis as an electric vehicle, says Pete Buttigieg.
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Tom Steyer, the billionaire climate activist who launched his own long-shot campaign in July, isnt just imagining what that would mean. Hes trying to make it happen.
Steyer and his quintessentially California wife, the banker/social justice activist Kathryn (Kat) Taylor, are the proud proprietors of TomKat Ranch, a cutting-edge regenerative grazing operation on 1,800 acres of coastal scrub and grassy hills an hour south of their San Francisco home. While President Donald Trump accuses Democrats of wanting to ban beefand prominent climate activists and alternative meat entrepreneurs denounce beefSteyer is quietly producing beef: grass-fed, hormone-free and intensively managed through a system that mimics the wild buffalo herds that once roamed Americas grassy expanses. Hes also financing exhaustive scientific research on the property, hoping to prove that ranching in harmony with nature, without lethal chemicals to protect grass or corn feedlots to fatten cattle, can pull carbon from the air, hold water on the land, and produce enough delicious meat to disrupt the beef-industrial complex.
Basically, TomKat is an unusually spacious and scenic lab, experimenting on 110 mooing, cud-chewing, manure-dropping specimens, aiming to produce evidence to back changes on the agricultural operations that cover half the land on earth. So far, its experimentslike Steyers campaign, which has attracted enough support to qualify him for the fall debates but not enough to contendhave produced mixed results. TomKats regenerative approach has provided clear environmental benefits, reducing erosion and enhancing plant diversity at the ranch, and its scientific monitoring program has already been extended throughout the state. But theres no evidence that its sequestering more carbon in the soil to help the climate, much less demonstrating a viable business model for ranchers who arent billionaires.
We want to change the way people think about working lands, Steyer said in an interview. I mean, if we can show scientifically in the real world that this stuff really works and agriculture doesnt have to be destructive, that would be priceless.
Tom Steyer and his wife Kathryn "Kat" Taylor own TomKat Ranch, a cattle farm in Pescadero, California. | JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES/REDUX PICTURES
Well, not quite priceless. Steyer and Taylor have sunk more than $10 million into TomKat, and the sales from their premium LeftCoast GrassFed beef brand dont come close to covering their costs. Steyer joked to me that ranching has been an expensive hobby, but thats the point: Most cattlemen cant afford to risk capital on unconventional eco-theories about holistic management and nature-based grazing, unless someone like Steyer can prove it will benefit their land and their bottom line.
Steyers fellow Democratic candidatesand sometimes, Steyer himselftend to talk about regenerative agriculture as a no-brainer, a mere matter of mustering the political will to get the right incentives in place, as though farmers and ranchers would then instantly transform their longstanding relationship to the land. Its a hot topic these days, featured in the Green New Deal climate resolution, in more than 200 state-level soil health bills, and even in corporate Americas emerging climate agenda. General Mills has announced a push to advance regenerative agriculture on 1 million acres of its supply chain, and the Boston-based startup Indigo Agriculture has built a multibillion-dollar valuation around scaling up regenerative practices to soak up carbon.
But theres not much consensus about what regenerative agriculture even is, much less whether it can convert farms and ranches from planet-threatening carbon emitters to planet-saving carbon sinks. TomKat is a moonshot effort to change that.
Steyer is a moonshot kind of guy, a summa cum laude Yale graduate who left Wall Street to make his own fortune investing in distressed assets. Some activists grumble that hes now transforming himself into a distressed asset, throwing away $100 million that could help save the climate on a middle-of-the-pack vanity campaign. He genuinely seems to think he can help save the climate by winning, and hell obviously have the resources to make his case; he often talks about how his father prosecuted Nazis at Nuremburg, his mother taught prisoners read, and everyone has a role to play for the world. In any case, he and Taylor are already throwing money at the climate in other waysfunding a clean energy policy center at Stanford, investing in the alternative protein company JUST, Inc., launching the environmental advocacy group NextGen America, even financing a national movement to impeach the climate denier in the White House.
TomKat is a more obscure project, another illustration of Steyers willingness to take on big problems and big corporations against big odds. Its also an illustration of his willingness to defer to his wife of 33 years, because the ranch is Kat Taylors baby. And if theres such a thing as a typical politicians spouse, she isnt it. Shes a 61-year-old CEO with a Harvard undergrad degree, a Stanford law and business degree, and six tattoos. Shes an in-your-face dynamo with an out-there bohemian vibe; her official bio states that she and Steyer have four grown children, each pursuing their one wild and precious life. Shes an unlikely agricultural crusader who believes that nature knows best, that living soils should not be dismissed as dirt, that the billions of dollars Bill Gates is donating to help smallholder farmers in the developing world are only promoting a bankrupt industrial approach.
Taylor and Steyer, who briefly separated last year, met at Stanford Graduate School of Business in the mid 1980s.
Taylors day job is running Beneficial State Bank, a mission-driven financial institution the couple founded and funded to promote economic justice and ecological sustainability issues that Wall Street giants tend to ignore or undermine. She envisions TomKat as a similarly mission-driven challenge to agricultures corporate behemoths. "The way the world prosecutes its natural resource agenda is all wrong," she says.
Last year, the couple revealed they had decided to live apart, but theyre now back together, and Taylor intends to join Steyer in the White House if he pulls off a miracle. Its safe to say shed express her provocative ideas about food, agriculture and nature in a manner not traditionally associated with the Office of the first lady.
***
At the Global Climate Summit in San Francisco last September, Taylor savaged Big Ag and its forever war on weeds and pests. She accused industrial mega-farms of broiling the planet, poisoning our air and water, ravaging our soils, manufacturing food that makes us sick, impoverishing rural towns and mistreating animals. She then concluded her impassioned case for regenerative agriculture with a soil-themed folk song, delivered a capella in a confident soprano:
Give me your heart, give me your song, sing it with all your might.Come to the soils, and you can be satisfied.Theres a peace, theres a love, you can get lost inside.Come to the soils, and let me hear you testify.
So not exactly typical.
Taylor had a comfortable childhood in a suburb not far from the ranch; her father was an electrical engineer, and her grandfather ran a San Francisco bank. She was always an outdoors person, exploring nature around the picturesque South Coast, riding and jumping horses. She was captain of the track team at Harvard, and met Steyer while training for a marathon on a track at Stanford. She says her conservation ethic was born on a fourth-grade field trip to a local redwood grove donated to the children of San Mateo County by Sam McDonald, a son of slaves who earned a relatively modest living overseeing Stanfords athletic facilities.
I mean, wow! Taylor marveled during an absurdly brisk walk up one of TomKats steeper hills. How could I ever repay that? She says that when she first visited the TomKat property in 2002, soaking in its rugged landscape of streams and shrubs and brush, she had a Sam McDonald moment, and decided to buy the property from a widowed Austrian countess to preserve it for future generations.
Taylor on her ranch, which also includes a portable chicken coop. | JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES/REDUX PICTURES
At the time, I was very nave about how to do that, she said.
The ranch was in rough shape. The countess had leased it to farmers who reminded Taylor of the venal Snopes family from Faulkners fiction; they were literally selling off topsoil from its meadows, as well as shingles from its barns. Taylor initially figured she would help it heal by protecting it as open space, with an educational program to teach kids about conservation. But after reading authors like Michael Pollan on the dysfunction of the global food system, she decided the ranch could do more good as working lands, creating nutritious, chemical-free, grass-fed beef, as well as a scientific and economic blueprint for climate-smart agriculture. She also shifted its educational focus to grown-ups, trying to build fork-to-farm partnerships to grow support for regenerative food and bridge divides between rural producers and urban eaters.
Our value add was not for little people, Taylor recalls with a rueful laugh. Wed bring kindergarteners out here and theyd just fall asleep.
Cattle ranching in the farm town of Pescadero was an unexpected side job for a power couple in the liberal bubble of San Francisco, although Steyer had once spent a summer working as a cowboy on a Nevada ranch. (I made $100 a month, he told me. On a per-hour basis, not good!) Taylor hadnt eaten meat in 12 years, and she still bemoans the myth that cows are inanimate non-soulful creatures, so who cares what happens to them. But she was determined to create a more sustainable alternative to industrial beef, and after witnessing the slaughter of a cow she made a kind of New Age peace with the bloody side of the business.
Ive gotten comfortable with the premise that death is part of life. Were all heading towards it, and every cow is heading towards it, too, Taylor says. Our cows have two beautiful years here, and then one bad day.
Taylor believes those bad bovine days will be worthwhile if TomKat can help spread a new philosophy of agriculture, restorative rather than extractive, reviving rather than depleting the soil and its life-sustaining microbes, relying on natural processes rather than herbicides, pesticides and synthetic fertilizers derived from fossil fuels. She is not a fan of the so-called Green Revolution of advanced genetics, chemicals, fertilizers and irrigation that has dramatically boosted agricultural yields since the 1960s. Her complaint with Gates, whom she calls an earnest, incredibly generous person, is that he actually believes in the Green Revolution.
The Green Revolution was real, saving perhaps billions of people from starvation, but its downsides were real, too. Today, agriculture uses 70 percent of the worlds fresh water and emits about one fourth of its greenhouse gases. Runoff from vast fields of chemically enhanced row crops as well as feeding operations crammed with pooping animals are creating massive dead zones in water bodies like the Gulf of Mexico. And the United Nations estimates that at current erosion rates, most of the worlds topsoil will be gone in 60 years.
In recent years, the climate movement has targeted beef as the worst offender in the food chain. This is partly because cattle emit greenhouse gases even more potent than carbonnitrous oxide from their manure, and especially methane from their burps and (to a less damaging but better publicized extent) farts. But its mostly because beef requires so much land, about 20 times as much as plants per unit of protein, and seven times as much as chicken or pork. So more pasture generally means more deforestation and fewer natural carbon sinks. A World Resources Institute report on the future of food estimated that the worlds agricultural footprint would have to expand more than a billion acres to satisfy current predictions of global meat demand by 2050, requiring deforestation of a land mass twice the size of India. Thats a serious dilemma, because the United Nations has warned that by that date, if humanity wants to avoid the worst climate catastrophes, it will need to halt all deforestation, and then significantly expand forests and other natural landscapes that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
Stacy Claitor, the ranch's equine specialist, is one of TomKat's 20 employeesa noticeably large staff for its size. | JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES/REDUX PICTURES
This is why environmental groups tend to encourage eating less beef, not more sustainably grown beef, and why the Drawdown Institutes list of the top 100 potential climate solutions included a global shift toward plant-rich diets at #4. Impossible Foods, the Bay Area-based producer of the plant-based Impossible Burger, dismissed regenerative grazing in its 2019 Impact Report as the clean coal of meat, arguing that theres no such thing as beef thats good for the earth.
The flip side of the argument is that grasses, trees and other plants are still the only reliable technology ever discovered for soaking up carbon and reversing the atmospheric mess made by fossil fuels. And the worlds rangelands, an undeveloped and vegetated area more than three times the size of the United States, present a tantalizing canvas on which to try to paint a carbon storage masterpiece. Thats why Taylor decided to buy some heifers, learn about regenerative agriculture, and help reinvent beef. Its whats for dinner, as the marketing slogan goes, and she didnt think that hoping people would stop eating it would save the climate.
The regenerative agriculture catchphrase thats so in vogue in political news releases and corporate sustainability goals usually refers to regenerative farming, which has started gaining in popularity in recent years. All-natural organic food has found a market with upscale shoppers, and even some conventional growers who douse their fields with chemical sprays and synthetic fertilizers to boost yields have adopted regenerative soil health practices like reducing tillage and planting off-season cover crops to fight erosion. But regenerative grazing is still pretty fringe, and the Savory Institute, the Colorado-based group that pioneered it, sees TomKat as an influential force bringing it toward the mainstream.
TomKat is leading by example and demonstrating whats possible, says Bobby Gill, Savorys communications and development director. And now, to have a presidential candidate whos not just talking about the regenerative space but actually walking the talk, its a wonderful moment for the movement.
Its just not clear whether TomKats example will help ranchers who need to worry about profit, much less whether it will help them help the climate.
***
Oh, look! Thats beautiful!
Beauty may be in the eye of the beholder, but this particular beholder, TomKat ranch manager Mark Biaggi, had objectively dubious standards, because he was pointing at a plump and slightly trampled cowpie. Biaggi liked the shape and consistency, which he said indicated a healthy diet for the animal that had expelled it. He especially liked the way the hooves of the herd had started mushing it and some of the grasses around it into the ground, so that microbes and earthworms would be able to break down the organic material and enrich the soil.
Microbes dont have wings or legs, so their food needs to be down where they can get it, said Biaggi, who worked for agribusinesses like Tyson and Cargill before embracing the regenerative path. Thats when the magic happens.
The magic of regenerative agriculture, for livestock as well as crops, is about regenerating soil, about nurturing the worms and fungi and bugs that help plants grow instead of sacrificing them as collateral damage in agro-chemical warfare. For Biaggi, that means making sure the ground is covered all the time, by grass, shrubs and even weeds that cows can eat, or else by that smelly trampled mulch that microbes can eat. Biaggi always tries to respect natural cycles of water, nutrients and grass, and he moves the herd with a whistle rather than a cattle prod. But mission-driven beef production is still beef production; I ate some tasty LeftCoast chili at the ranch, and at one point as we walked past an injured cow who seemed to be cuddling with her calf, Biaggi casually mentioned shed be hamburger once she weans. Not even TomKats healthy cows get to wander where they want, and they cant be choosy about their diet, either. They go and they eat according to Biaggis plan, which he plots on a large chart in his office like a general preparing for battle.
Every day or two, Biaggi uses portable electrified fencing to cordon the cattle into a fresh section of meadow, where they devour most of the plant material while crushing the leftovers along with their manure into the soil. Then he moves them to another new paddock so the previous one has time to regrow. Its supposed to be like a gym workout for the land, intense stress followed by extended recovery. And this heavy but intermittent grazing is supposed to mimic the migratory patterns of herbivores, who ate in dense packs on the open prairies to protect themselves from predators, then moved on to new ground. TomKats cattle also bunch up in tight clusters, a safety-in-numbers strategy to deter attacks from local mountain lions.
Top, Claitor on horseback talks to ranch manager Jeremiah Stent. Bottom, a solar module is used to power a section of electric fence at the ranch. | JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES/REDUX
Lions dont have workers comp, so theyre not as likely to bust in there, Biaggi explained.
TomKat is not ideal cattle country. Its got more scrub and brush than grass, and much of the grass it does have is on steep terrain. Its Mediterranean-style climate keeps it dry most of the year, and when it does rain its usually too cool for the explosive grass growth that makes pastures economically attractive. When I visited in September, TomKat had gone three months without a downpour, and most of it looked brown and parched. But there were green patches where native perennials like needlegrass and oatgrass were thriving, stabilizing the soil with deep roots and providing the cattle with extra autumn forage. When you see green and it hasnt rained in this long, it means were doing something right, Biaggi says.
When TomKat began its regenerative grazing program in 2011, native perennials had disappeared from all but eight of its 75 fields. Now they can be found in almost every field. Biaggi believes the new regime, by preventing cows from overgrazing their favorite grasses, is promoting better plant diversity, preventing soil erosion, and reducing the amount of hay he needs to buy to supplement the herds nutrition. The ranchs problems with runoff that used to cascade down its hillsides whenever it rained have also vanished; Point Blue Conservation, the group TomKat hired to conduct research at the ranch, has conducted ongoing soil samples and found that water infiltration has improved significantly.
The patterns are really exciting, says Elizabeth Porzig, Point Blues director of working lands. Our theory of change is that if were seeing more native grass and diversity above ground, it should support better soil health below ground.
But Point Blues data for soil carbon, available on TomKats website, suggest the ranch is actually storing less carbon than it was in 2014; only nine of the 42 sites sampled by Point Blue showed improvement, 20 registered declines, and only two achieved the ranchs carbon goals for 2020. Porzig speculated that Californias severe drought may have artificially depressed TomKats numbers, and noted that soil carbon tends to be a lagging indicator that can take years to improve in measurable ways.
But yeah, those results are a bummer, she acknowledged.
Theyre a particular bummer considering all the hype around compensating farmers and ranchers for regenerative practices, under the assumption that those practices will automatically store more carbon. Booker, Ryan, Buttigieg, Amy Klobuchar, Steve Bullock and Michael Bennet all pushed the idea during the recent presidential debates and televised climate forums. Were going to put farmers and ranchers in the drivers seat, renewable and sustainable agriculture, to make sure we capture more carbon out of the air and keep more of it in the soil, Beto ORourke declared. The Drawdown list of climate solutions has regenerative agriculture at #11 and managed grazing at #19, with the combined potential to remove 40 gigatons of carbon. But if TomKat cant even realize that potential, why should the government spend taxpayer dollars to get others to follow its lead?
Biaggi sees evidence all around that regenerative grazing works. His cattles scores for body condition, pregnancy rates, and weight gains are solid and improving. The herd is healthier, even though it no longer receives deworming medication, and the land is healthier, too, even though it no longer gets sprayed or mowed to control weeds and brush. He just cant tell whether its soaking up more carbon.
Carbon is sexy, but honestly, Im not sure how to manage for it, he says. I manage for water and grass. Soil carbon is more of a long-term fight.
Unfortunately, greenhouse gases are a short-term threat to the planet. And if TomKat isnt storing more carbon in its soils, its almost certainly emitting more greenhouse gases overall than conventional beef producers. Its herd puts on weight more slowly than cattle in industrial feedlots, which means they spend more time burping methane to produce a pound of beef. Its stocking rate of 17 acres per cow also means its using land much less efficiently than conventional U.S. ranches, which often aim for as little as two acres per cow. The world would need gargantuan amounts of new rangeland to meet beef demand at TomKats rates of production, and as the ongoing crisis in the Brazilian Amazon has shown, creating new rangeland often involves the cutting and burning of precious carbon sinks.
Princeton research scholar Tim Searchinger, the lead author of WRIs food report, has no problem with efforts to restore degraded habitat and soil on relatively arid grasslands like TomKat. But Searchinger, a longtime environmentalist who spent two decades at the Environmental Defense Fund, is worried about the excessive romanticizing of back-to-nature agriculture, and particularly the recent frenzy of policy proposals designed to encourage carbon storage on existing farms and pastures. He says the science behind them is still uncertain, and their impact on the climate would be modest at best. Focusing climate mitigation on these measures seriously risks diverting effort and money better used elsewhere, Searchinger says. Hed rather see more focus on innovative approaches to reduce cattles methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and especially to help farmers and ranchers boost their output to help limit agricultures footprint. Higher yields on existing land mean less pressure to clear forests that do a great job storing carbon.
Whatever you think of industrial U.S. agriculture, it does a great job producing higher yields. Its gigantic diesel tractors, arguably excessive antibiotics, possibly carcinogenic pesticides, genetically modified seeds, and other modern advances make it unusually efficient at manufacturing food. Nitrogen fertilizers derived from natural gas are rough on air and water quality, and even conventional farmers are trying to use less of them, but organic farmers who dont use any of them tend to have lower yields. Factory-style feedlots may seem gross or cruel, and some of them struggle to handle millions of gallons of manure every year, but they help explain why the U.S. produces 18 percent of the worlds beef with only 8 percent of the worlds cattle.
Top left: A sign for TomKat Ranch's premium LeftCoast GrassFed beef brand. Top right: Taylor with dog Gus. Bottom: One of the ranch's two bulls. | JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES/REDUX
I recently visited a Colorado feedlot with Sara Place, the director of sustainability research at the National Cattlemens Beef Association, and it was remarkable to witness what was in essence a fully optimized assembly line, manufacturing protein from raw material that happened to come in the form of 25,000 live animals with hooves and hides and voracious appetites. The owner explained that he uses precisely 10.23 gallons of water per head per day, that his finishing feed is precisely 72.5 percent yellow corn, that his mill converts the corn kernels into flakes at 208 degrees Fahrenheit so that their digestibility increases from 82 percent to 95 percent. TomKat cant match that kind of industrial efficiency.
Even feedlot cattle start out in pastures, and the Savory Institute claims that regenerative grazing will eventually double the stocking rates of traditional ranches by rejuvenating soils, while storing enough carbon to create a truly carbon-neutral industry. But Place says the evidence remains far too sketchy to persuade most ranchers to adopt such a labor-intensive approach. TomKat lists 20 employees on its website; most operations its size would be fortunate to hire a ranch hand or two.
If ranchers can store carbon and mitigate some fossil fuel emissions, thats all to the good, Place says. The problem in this space is theres a lot of enthusiasm for things that dont have a lot of data. People have gotten way out over their skis.
***
Tom Steyer is dork-preaching his favorite sermon to 200 supporters in an Oakland ballroom, explaining his plans to decarbonize the U.S. economy for a Climate Emergency Broadcast on Facebook Live. Hes talking about net-zero buildings and clean cars, about the climate refugees showing up at the southern border to escape chronic drought in Central America, about his fights with fossil-fuel interests in California and nationwide. Theyre saying wed rather make money than save the world, which is just an amazing statement, he says with an air of actual amazement. He sees climate as the moral crisis of our time, and he tries to cut through the complexity with moral clarity: Theres no reason at this point to build a fossil-fuel infrastructure. Its insane! He described President Donald Trump as an ignorant and incompetent criminal whose assault on the climate has made America a global pariah: Were already going to them and asking them to forget Donald Trump ever existed.
At one point Steyer takes a question from Free Dominguez, an activist who runs a food education program for poor families, and wants his thoughts about how to create nutrition for a warming world. Our plan is to turn from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy, he says. And let me say this: Kat Taylor has actually been running one of those experiments about an hour from here in Pescadero, which is a cattle farm to show that you can raise animals in a way that actually sequesters carbon in the soil! Weve been doing this for 15 years, and we know we can do this in a way that makes farmers richer.
In fact, the experiment does not yet show more carbon being sequestered in the soil, or any farmers getting richer. In an interview afterward, Steyer says his larger point is that the climate emergency is not just about greener electricity and transportation; agriculture needs to change, too, otherwise the planet will broil. Steyer doesnt spend much time at TomKat these days, except to film campaign ads in front of its weathered barns, but it has transformed his view of the crisis.
I wasnt used to having to think about root systems, but weve got to figure that stuff out, too, he says. And we will. The question is: How fast?
Steyer, a late entrant into the 2020 Democratic primary field, campaigns in Iowa. | Scott Olson/Getty Images
The team at TomKat will keep trying new things, and ditching things (like recent experiments with aquaponics and poultry) that arent working. Biaggi wants to bring in some goats and sheep to graze some native brush, and eventually integrate a few crops that could be fertilized with manure to create a truly regenerative cycle. Steyer is also excited about work restoring vegetation around TomKats streams; theyre now clean enough to attract impressive steelhead trout, a point he illustrated using the international yay-big hand gesture fishermen use to exaggerate the size of a fish. In any event, the scientific literature is clear that riparian restoration can produce tangible benefits not only for water quality and biodiversity but carbon sequestration, much clearer than the science about carbon sequestration in soils.
But these are minuscule drops in an extraordinarily large bucket. The most animated Ive ever seen Steyer was when he tried to convey to me the immensity of a pork processor he heard about while campaigning at the Iowa state fair: It kills 20,000 pigs per day. I mean, hwaaaaaaaaaugh! he stammered, as if he were choking on a slab of bacon. Whoooooooooooa! Youre talking about scale thats just incredible! One of TomKats goals is to inspire the adoption of regenerative practices on 1 million acres of California, but there are more than 1 billion acres of agricultural land in the U.S.
The one industry that can drive rapid change on that kind of monumental scale is politics, and over the past decade, thats become Steyers focus. He helped defeat a fossil-fueled effort to roll back Californias groundbreaking climate laws in 2010, aired off-message climate ads during the Republican presidential debates in 2015, and bankrolled successful ballot measures to advance clean energy in Michigan and Nevada (as well as an unsuccessful one in Arizona) in 2018. Hes become a leading donor to progressive Democrats, a leading funder of youth voter registration drives, a lonely voice trying to build grassroots support for impeachmentprompting Trump to tweet that hes wacky and totally unhingedand now a not-so-lonely voice trying to replace Trump. He recently became the seventh of eight Democrats to poll well enough and attract enough donations to secure a spot in the debates through November, but he knows seventh-place finishes dont drive monumental change.
Hes definitely fully on the game board, Taylor says.
Its her way of saying that Steyer is trying to play his role for the world, pursuing his one wild and precious life like the couples kids in her official bio. But presidential politics is a weird game. I tried to ask her about it at the end of our tour, when she was showing me the shishito peppers and giant zucchinis in TomKats garden, but she kept changing the subject. She did discuss her own recent foray into politics, a crusade to get Californias schools to serve more sustainably grown food. She explained how she helped work out various compromises with more traditional agricultural interests to build a coalition; now districts representing a third of the states school meals are pushing more options grown in California, even though those options arent necessarily grown through regenerative operations. She said she had to be strategic and pragmatic if she wanted to get anything done.
JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES/REDUX
Theres no point setting off on a fools errand, she said.
Her observation lingered in the air for a moment, and I couldnt resist asking whether she had made that point to her husband. After another awkward pause, she bent down and moved on to her next task for the ranch, busying herself with some purple flowers.
I think this is lavender, she said. I can make a little bouquet!
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Fight cancer with food and healthy habits – Houston Chronicle
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
The C word. The one that kind of hangs there, in the air, after someone says it. The one that is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The one with entire months dedicated to fighting it. The one that ultimately, we cant seem to fix. Cancer.
October is Breast Cancer Awareness month and I am shedding some light on ways we may be able to control our risk in getting cancer.
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in women, second only to lung cancer. While no diet or lifestyle pattern can guarantee full protection against any disease; one third of cancer deaths that occur in the U.S. can be attributed to diet and physical activity habits, including overweight and obesity, which is equivalent to the amount of cancer deaths caused by exposure to tobacco, according to the American Cancer Society. Of course, genetics influence your risk of cancer, too, but most of the variation in cancer risk is due to factors that are not inherited. What does that mean? It means you have some control in your risk; you have power to fight back.
The American Cancer Society has provided nutrition and physical activity guidelines to help reduce your risk of cancer. These recommendations are based on the current scientific evidence on diet and physical activity related to cancer risk.
But first, let me try to explain why there are so many conflicting reports regarding nutrition and cancer. For nutrition specifically, no evidence is definitive due to the difficult nature of studying diet and chronic diseases in humans. Ideally, scientists like randomly controlled trials, or RCTS, where there is one single variable that can be controled, and study its effect or outcome.
However, there are many complex interrelationships between specific micronutrients with the body, with other nutrients, and with current body weight, physical activity levels and age. There are simply too many variables. While RCTs are sometimes helpful, typically researchers turn to observational studies in combination with trying to gain a better understanding of the biology of cancer.
Observational studies also have their flaws. Since we want to know potential effects of nutrition throughout the lifespan, groups of people need to be followed over years, which is obviously time-consuming, and people are not always reliable.
So, these recommendations are a summary of the existing scientific information about weight control, physical activity and nutrition in relation to cancer.
Achieve and maintain a healthy weight throughout life. Well, thats easier said than done. But it has been estimated that overweight and obesity contribute to 14 to 20% of all cancer-related mortality, and being overweight/obese has been clearly associated with an increased risk in developing cancer.
This is thought to affect your risk through a variety of mechanisms, including effects on immune function and inflammation, effects on levels of specific hormones that regulate cell growth, and effects on specific proteins that make hormones more or less available to tissues within your body.
What is a healthy weight? That depends on your height and muscle mass, but we typically look to BMI to measure a healthy weight and it should be somewhere between 18.5 to 25 kg/m2. How do we achieve a healthy body weight? Balance! We do this by balancing our energy intake (food and beverage intake) with energy output (physical activity/ movement).
Adopt a physically active lifestyle. This does not mean you need to quit your day job and become a fitness professional (although thats what I did). It just means you need to get moving!
Adults should engage in 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week. Thats just over two episodes of This Is Us, Succession or whatever youre binge-watching this week. Surely, you can fit that in.
Children and adolescents should engage in at least one hour of moderate or vigorous activity each day and everyone should limit sedentary behavior like sitting, watching TV, or other screen-time activities.
Physical activity acts in a variety of ways to reduce your cancer risk both directly and indirectly including; regulating sex hormones and insulin; boosting your immune system and of course helping you maintain a healthy body weight.
Consume a healthy diet with an emphasis on plant foods. Again, balance is key. I am not saying you need to become a vegetarian or vegan, I am saying you need to eat your greens! (If you already are vegan or vegetarian, then its likely you are already getting all your veggies in.) But the guidelines go on to say that we should read food labels and become more aware of our portion sizes. We should eat smaller portions of high-calorie foods and limit the following; foods consumed outside the home, sugar-sweetened beverages, refined carbohydrates and consumption of processed meat. And we should choose the following more often: whole fruits and vegetables, whole grains and eat at least 2.5 cups of veggies and fruit every day.
Our diet is highly complex and evidence that fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with a reduction in cancer risk is clear. It has also led to attempts to isolate specific nutrients from fruits and vegetables and study their effects as supplements, like Vitamin C for example. Unfortunately, many of these studies have proven to be inconclusive. What does this mean? It means it is likely that the food we eat and its nutrients have an additive or synergistic effect on our health and our bodies. Meaning, you cant just take a super antioxidant pill while making poor food choices and expect to get the same outcome as someone who has a healthy diet. To help you reach the recommended fruit and veggie intake, Americans are encouraged to fill half of their plate at every meal with a fruit or vegetable.
If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit consumption. Yes, the American Heart Association has found some beneficial cardiovascular effects in drinking wine. However, there is no compelling evidence to suggest if you do not consume alcoholic beverages that you need to start. In fact, drinking in excess is associated with a 1.4-fold higher risk of getting colorectal cancer.
Lastly, The American Cancer society has one recommendation at the community level. That public, private and community organizations should work collaboratively at national, state and local levels to implement policy and environmental changes that increase access to affordable, healthy foods and provide safe, enjoyable and accessible environments for physical activity. While many Americans would like to adopt a healthy lifestyle, there is no doubt that social, economic and cultural factors strongly influence individual choices about diet and lifestyle changes.
Our current lifestyle trends include increased portion sizes, increased consumption of high-calorie convenience foods, restaurant meals, longer work days and increased amount of time spent sitting. Reversing these trends will require big action with multiple strategies but it can start with you.
Making a choice to move more, to take the stairs, to make dinner at home, to switch to drinking water are all individual choices that can reduce your risk of cancer. Havent we all heard the saying Be the change you wish to see in the world? It can start with you and together we can knock the C-word out one step at a time.
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Gut microbes can be picky eaters here’s why it matters – The Conversation UK
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
We choose our food for a variety of reasons, including personal preference, availability, cost and healthiness. But we should also take our gut microbes preferences into account, a new study published in Cell suggests.
The bacteria in our guts, collectively known as the microbiota or microbiome, live on the fibre and other chemicals that come their way from the foods we eat. Fibre is an umbrella term that covers a wide range of sugar-based molecules (polysaccharides). Its not clear how individual plant polysaccharides affect the growth of different species of beneficial gut bacteria.
While we know that people who eat a greater number of different plant-based foods have more diverse, healthier microbiomes, less is known about exactly which bacteria prefer which foods.
To find out about the foods that each type of bacteria prefers, the authors of the aforementioned study published in Cell, raised mice in sterile conditions and gave them a set of 20 different species of human gut bacteria. At the start of the experiment, the mice all had a similar set of gut microbes. They then fed the animals a high-fat, low-fibre diet thats typical in the US. This was supplemented with 34 purified fibre preparations made from fruit and vegetables.
Read more: How the Victorians help explain our obsession with the microbiome
The researchers observed how the animals microbiomes changed as a result of their diets. They found that certain bacteria prefer different fibre supplements, and when their favourite food is available, the proportion of those microbes in the gut increases. For example, mice that ate a lot of pea fibre had a much higher proportion of a bacteria called Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron at the end of the experiment.
But food fibres arent made up of just one compound. They often contain a variety of long-chain polysaccharides that we cant break down without the help of gut bacteria. To find out exactly which polysaccharide molecules increased the numbers of specific microbes, additional experiments looked at various bacterial species. For the Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, for example, the increase in abundance is driven by a molecule in pea fibre called arabinan.
The microbiome is a complex community made up of billions of bacteria. It is important to understand how the food we eat affects our microbiome as a whole and not just individual bacterial species. Simply supplying a particular type of fibre is no guarantee that specific bacteria will show up to eat it. And if the same food is preferred by two competing species of bacteria, one beneficial and one potentially harmful, how do you ensure that the healthier species gets the lions share and thrives?
To understand which microbes get first pick of the nutrients, the researchers set up competitions for food between different bacterial species. They used magnetic beads coated with fluorescent fibre molecules to see which bacteria metabolised each fibre type and how the presence of other bacteria influenced their choices.
Read more: You are what you eat why the future of nutrition is personal
As might be expected when there are plenty of bacteria and a limited supply of favourite foods, bacteria competed for certain fibres. Importantly, the researchers found that the bacteria adapt to changes in circumstances. Some species were able to adapt to the presence of others who preferred the same fibre, switching to a different food source. Other microbes remained determined to have their favourite meals.
What does that mean for our microbiomes? It suggests that certain strains can adapt more easily to changes in diet and these may be the best for building a resilient gut community.
Its becoming increasingly clear that what we eat and drink has a profound impact on the makeup of the gut microbiome, and therefore a huge impact on nutrition and health. But we have a lot of work to do before we really understand the effects of real food on our real-life microbiomes and how our gut bacteria affect our health.
Together with my colleagues at Kings College London, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stanford University and ZOE, were running the worlds largest study (PREDICT) investigating how individuals and their unique microbiomes respond to different foods. So far, the results show large and consistent differences between people to the same foods. Even identical twins, who share 100% of their genes and much of their upbringing and environment, can have very different responses to the same foods.
More surprising still, the identical twins in our study only shared slightly more microbe species than unrelated people, which may help explain the difference in nutritional responses. By the end of our studies, with the help of citizen scientists we hope to be able to shed light on the complicated relationship between what we eat, our microbiome, our personal responses to food and our health.
Read more: Postbiotics and smart toilets: new era of harnessing our microbial chemicals to keep us slim and healthy
Scientists are interested in finding ways to manipulate our responses to food and improve our health by intentionally changing the inhabitants of our gut. Uncovering the connections between different types of fibre and bacteria suggests that the molecules identified by the researchers in the Cell study could eventually be used in so-called microbiota-directed foods to increase the numbers of particular beneficial bacteria in the gut and boost microbiome diversity.
Many of the fibre supplements tested in their experiments were made from fruit and vegetable peels left over from making products such as soups and smoothies. These products could provide sustainable, cheap fibre that could easily be incorporated into food products. But before we start tinkering with our gut inhabitants in this way, we need to know how to do it safely encouraging the good bacteria and controlling the bad ones to create the right bacterial balance for everyone.
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US mother with McDonald’s addiction reveals 65kg weightloss – 7NEWS
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
A US mother who gorged on McDonalds every day has dropped ten dress sizes since halving her 139kg frame - which she admits made her a shell of a mum.
Angela Gerzanics, 35, from Michigan, used food to make herself feel better since she was a young child and it soon became her coping mechanism.
In the video above: The benefits of a low-carb diet
My childhood was troubled, but food was one of the only constants in my life. When I ate, I felt good, it gave me comfort and happiness," Angela said.
But Angela - who would go to McDonald's drive-thru every day after work before eating dinner at home - said her weight made her feel 'ashamed, embarrased and completely trapped'.
In 2015 she realised that if she carried on the way she was, her sons, Anthony, 15, and Justin, seven, would have to grow up without her.
A year later, she underwent a gastric sleeve and says "it forever changed my life".
My diet before weight loss surgery was McDonalds drive thru on my way home from work and everything from the freezer section in the supermarket. The more processed the better, and I was constantly having lots of sweets and sugary drinks," the mum said.
Now when me and my family go grocery shopping, we spend most of our time shopping the fresh produce, meat and dairy. We still consume some packaged foods, but we rarely go to fast food places, but it slips in every now and then.
Now I do my best to try to only eat whole foods and limit how much processed food I eat. I am far from perfect and sometimes I indulge, but I no longer eat to comfort my feelings, I eat because I want to, because it tastes good, not to suppress my feelings.
I drink almost no sugary drinks anymore, mostly sticking to water or black coffee. I make it a point to drink no less than two litres of water a day, whereas before I would be lucky to get that much water in a week," she added.
'My body will never be perfect, but it doesn't matter to me'
Now 74kg and a size 12, the mum says she can now shop in the teen section of some stores.
I feel so confident now after losing the weight. My body will never be perfect, but it doesn't matter to me," she said.
"Being able to walk into any shop and buy what I want off the racks is amazing. Its the most freeing feeling ever. I was only able to shop at a few select shops before.
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I finally love my body and my flaws. I have never been so at peace with myself than I am now. The hardest part for me was the mental battle. I love healthy food, but it was hard to switch my mindset to eat to live, not live to eat.
"Food controlled me for so long, so it was hard to take back control. People who have known me my whole life still cant believe I was that big. It shocks us all myself included - that I lived that way for so long.
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Weight loss: Avoid this popular breakfast item if youre trying to shed pounds – Express
Posted: October 11, 2019 at 10:52 am
Setting yourself up for the day with a good breakfast is important for kick starting your metabolism and ensuring you have enough energy to make it through the day. When youre on a diet though it can be tough to know exactly what food will boost your chances of weight loss. Things is made harder by the fact were encouraged to consume certain foods that arent actually as good as they seem. This is particularly true of orange juice.
While orange juice is a fruit-based drink, it certainly is not as innocent as its fruit counterpart.
Although orange juice is a staple part of many breakfasts around the world and a deliciously sweet way to start the day, there are hidden ingredients that could ruin your diet success.
Though made from the concentrate of oranges, the drink is also often laden with additional sugars.
Furthermore, the juice has a very low nutritional density meaning, although it is high in calories, it wont sustain you long enough or provide you with very much useful energy.
Things get even worse if opting for shop-bought juices in cartons, as the nutritional value drops further when the juice is processed at higher temperatures.
However, registered dietitian Isabel Smithshared some top tips for tasty alternatives.
She told Business Insider: Choose a freshly squeezed juice, cold-pressed juice or high-pressure-pasteurized fruit and vegetable juice that contains more nutrients and less sugar.
If juice is still on the agenda, it is recommended that you look for as many vegetables in the ingredients as possible.
Packing in two or more veggies to your breakfast drink can boost its nutritional value, keeping you sustained for longer.
Alternatively, opt for water or a herbal tea, both also working to hydrate you in the mornings.
If you still crave a zesty kick in the morning there are some alternatives.
For maximum hydration, try placing a slice of orange juice in your water, or you can make your own, home-made juice from the comfort of your kitchen if you have a juicer.
There are also a number of smoothie recipes which combine fresh oranges, but also pack in plenty of vegetables and a glass or two of water for the ultimate nutrient-rich beverage.
A beetroot and celery smoothie is a go-to for those wanting to watch their waistline and benefit their blood pressure too.
The tasty drink also features carrot, a fresh orange and apple juice for the ultimate flavour.
Cheryl Lythgoe, Head Matron of Benenden Health explained why this is such a good breakfast option.
She said: Celery contains phytochemicals which relax the muscle tissue in our arteries walls.
Beetroot is a nitrogen rich food (nitrogen is a part of all living cells and an essential element found in amino acids and proteins)
If dieters hope to lose fat but maintain strength and firmness, they surprisingly need to include more fat in their breakfast choices.
There are plenty of good fats that exist, including avocado, almonds and oily fish.
All of these items are rich in vitamins and minerals, while also serving as excellent fuel for a busy day.
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