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Posted: May 20, 2017 at 9:42 pm
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Posted: May 20, 2017 at 9:42 pm
Islamabad
Fasting is generally very challenging for people living with diabetes, particularly insulin-dependent patients with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic patients who wish to fast must diligently plan for a safe Ramazan. It is important to individualize each patients management plan, depending on their diet and lifestyle, medications, risk of hypoglycemia, and glycemic control, and to minimize complications associated with fasting. Generally, the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes is not overly common, and has less severe consequences.
Consultant endocrinologist at Shifa International Hospital (SIH) Dr. Sheraz Khan shared this information at a seminar on Roza aur Sehat, organized to create awareness in diabetic patients who intend to fast without harming their blood glucose level. A large number of patients, doctors and people from various walks of life attended the seminar.
The approximate number of Muslims with diabetes is around 4.6%; an estimated 50 million Muslims with diabetes around the world observe fasting during the month of Ramazan each year, Dr. Sheraz shared. Islam exempts people from the duty of fasting if they are sick, or if fasting affects their health, as fasting for patients with diabetes carries a risk of an assortment of complications including hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and metabolic complications associated with dehydration.
Nevertheless, a large number of people with diabetes still choose to fast during Ramazan despite the advice of their doctor and permission from religious authorities, thus creating medical challenges for themselves and their healthcare providers. It is thus important for such patients to make necessary preparations to engage in fasting as safely as possible, Dr. Sheraz underlined.
Consultant endocrinologist at SIH Dr. Tayyab Badshah said, patients may be reluctant to self-monitor during Ramazan. Clinical experience suggests some patients may cease treatment altogether in order to observe the fast or because they feel changing time of treatment may render it ineffective.
Unwillingness to self-treat hypoglycaemia symptoms by breaking the fast may lead to more severe hypoglycaemia. This represents a key challenge for patients with diabetes during Ramadan.
Testing your blood glucose levels is important and it does not break the fast. If you have a blood-testing meter, test your glucose levels regularly. Talk to your doctor or diabetes team before fasting. Look for signs of hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and dehydration. Make sure someone you know is aware that you are fasting.
Always carry your glucose tablets, glucose gel or a sugary drink in case of a hypo. This may need to be followed up with a snack like a piece of fruit, biscuit or half a sandwich. Finally, if you are ill, it is important that you break your fast, Dr. Tayyab advised.
Clinical dietitian at SIH Zainab Ghayyor advised patients to monitor their blood glucose regularly during the fast, especially in the early days.
Watch out for eating too many sweets and keep the portion sizes moderate. Overeating is a greatest risk. Continue taking your diabetes medicine in recommended dosage and timings. If you experience hypoglycemic symptoms, it is advisable to break the fast and make up for it after Ramazan, Dr. Zainad also suggested.
Dr. Zainab said, the sehri meal should contain a balance of whole grain sources of complex carbohydrates as well as some protein from lean sources of meat, fish and poultry, and small amounts of heart healthy fats. Also include fresh fruits, vegetables, and yoghurt in your meals.
Limit the dates to two or three pieces. Avoid exercise during the day, and take rest when possible to help avoid lowering of blood glucose levels. Limit physical activity during fasting hours and be more active after sunset, she suggested.
Head of Religious Affairs at SIH Azmatullah Quraishi highlighted the importance of fasting for spiritual cleaning of the soul. He said, there is no excuse for skipping fasting in minor diseases like flu or fever.
Those who are ill with no expectation of recovery, and those who are too old and are not able to fast are exempted. He added that the use of injections (except nutritional injection), asthmatic inhalers, along with blood donation, vomiting, and pouring medicines into the eyes or ears are practices that do not affect the fast.
Pregnant Muslim women or feeding mothers are exempt from fasting during Ramazan; however, they are required to feed a needy person or fast in later days, he concluded.
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Break the fast if you have hypoglycemic symptoms, experts advise diabetic patients - The News International
Posted: May 20, 2017 at 9:41 pm
BANGKOK (AP) A morbidly obese wild monkey who gorged himself on junk food and soda left behind by tourists has been rescued and placed on a strict diet of lean protein, fruits and vegetables.
Wildlife officials caught the chunky monkey nicknamed "Uncle Fat" by locals after photos of the animal started circulating on social media last month.
Wild monkeys roam free in many parts of Thailand, attracting tourists who feed and play with the animals. Most of the monkeys are macaques like Uncle Fat, and they typically weigh around 9 kilograms (20 pounds).
A wild obese macaque, named "Uncle Fat" who was rescued from a Bangkok suburb, sits in a rehabilitation center in Bangkok, Thailand, Friday, May 19, 2017. The morbidly obese wild monkey, who gorged himself on junk food and soda from tourists, has been rescued and placed on a strict diet. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
Uncle Fat weighs three times that, tipping the scales at around 26 kilograms (60 pounds).
"It was not easy to catch him," said Kacha Phukem, the wildlife official who conducted the capture and rescue on April 27. "He was the leader of his pack, and when I tried to go in, I had to fight off a flock of them with sticks."
A wild obese macaque named "Uncle Fat," who was rescued from a Bangkok suburb, sits in a rehabilitation center in Bangkok, Thailand, Friday, May 19, 2017. The morbidly obese wild monkey, who gorged himself on junk food and soda from tourists, has been rescued and placed on a strict diet. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
The subordinate monkeys fed into Uncle Fat's bad habits.
"He had minions and other monkeys bringing food for him but he would also re-distribute it to younger monkeys," said Supakarn Kaewchot, a veterinarian in charge of the monkey's diet.
A wild obese macaque named "Uncle Fat," who was rescued from a Bangkok suburb, sits in a rehabilitation center in Bangkok, Thailand, Friday, May 19, 2017. The morbidly obese wild monkey, who gorged himself on junk food and soda from tourists, has been rescued and placed on a strict diet. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
"After he ate food given by humans for a while, he developed a fat mass, which became a type of benign tumor," Supakarn said. "He is now in critical condition where there is a high risk of heart disease and diabetes."
Uncle Fat is believed to be between 10 and 15 years old. To help him lose weight, his new diet is limited to 400 grams worth of lean protein, fruits and vegetables twice a day. Supakarn said she hopes that within a few months they can consider releasing him to the wild.
Veterinarian Supakan Kaewchot prepares fresh food for a wild obese macaque, called "Uncle Fat" at rehabilitation center Bangkok, Thailand, Friday, May 19, 2017. The morbidly obese wild monkey, who gorged himself on junk food and soda from tourists, has been rescued and placed on a strict diet. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
She said Uncle Fat is an example of why people shouldn't feed wild monkeys unhealthy food.
"I understand that people feel sorry for the monkeys and want to feed them when they see them," Supakarn said. "But please don't feed them food that people like to eat like snacks and soda. It is very bad for their health and the problem is entirely man-made."
Veterinarian Supakan Kaewchot prepares fresh food for a wild obese macaque called "Uncle Fat" at rehabilitation center Bangkok, Thailand, Friday, May 19, 2017. The morbidly obese wild monkey, who gorged himself on junk food and soda from tourists, has been rescued and placed on a strict diet. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
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Meet 'Uncle Fat,' Thailand's chunky monkey who's going on a diet - Bismarck Tribune
Posted: May 20, 2017 at 9:41 pm
Thousands of people from around the country are in Austin this weekend for a health and wellness conference called Paleo f(x). (CBS Austin)
Thousands of people from around the country are in Austin this weekend for a health and wellness conference called Paleo f(x).
Paleo, commonly known as the caveman diet is known for being high in protein and low in carbs. It allows for unlimited meat, nuts and fruit, but eliminates bread, dairy and starchy vegetables.
The diet craze is popular enough, that Austin has a restaurant that caters specifically to the diet.
"We're fully gluten free, but we also don't use soy, corn or peanuts," said Naomi Seifter, Owner and CEO of Picnik.
Seifter founded Picnik for people with food allergies, who are gluten intolerant, or just want to avoid certain things like eggs or sugar.
"We have pancakes, we have French toast, but we're using flours like cassava flour or coconut flour so our intention is to make it taste exactly the same as what you would expect from any other restaurant but just with better ingredients," Seifter said.
Fitness industry leaders from across the country converged on Austin this weekend for a three-day conference to tout the latest paleo friendly products.
"We're not saying to go out and hunt and gather your own food, but we are saying broccoli is closer to what we would've been eating than Pop Tarts," said Caitlin Allday with Paleo University.
Doctor Adam Brittain says there's no one diet that works for everyone.
"A lot of people in the medical community frown on paleo because it's high in fat," Brittain said.
Brittain adds Paleo could put some people at risk for heart disease.
"Especially if you're eating lots of red meat and nuts and avocados. That's a lot of fat in a per ounce diet," Brittain said.
Allday is a nutrition coach and says there are some misconceptions about the Paleo lifestyle.
"Figure out what works for your body. Maybe you're an athlete and you need more protein so you eat more protein, but I know I have days where I don't eat any protein," Allday said.
At the Picnik restaurant on Burnet Road, Seifter says patrons keep coming back because they can count on the menu to cater to their dietary needs.
"People are really used to going out to restaurants around the country and feeling bad after they get home and they don't know what it comes from. We produce the same thing in a way that makes people feel alive and vibrant," Seifter said.
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Paleo industry leaders converge in Austin, tout diet at 3-day conference - KEYE TV
Posted: May 20, 2017 at 9:41 pm
Q: I gave up sugary sodas and got used to drinking diet ones. Now I hear they're not good for my health either. What's up with that? -- Kaylie G., Tampa, Fla.
A: Good question. Pop is everywhere: There's Iggy Pop, pop-up fly balls ... and soda pop. But no matter what you think about those popular parts of American life, only one is linked to health hazards: That's soda pop -- both sweetened and diet.
Drinking sugar-added beverages is a known risk for obesity, and drinking one to two cans daily puts you at a 26 percent greater risk of Type 2 diabetes.
An observational study in the journal Stroke reveals that artificially sweetened beverages may be a health risk, too: Researchers found that those who drink at least one diet soda daily are 2.9 times more likely to have an ischemic stroke and 3 times more likely to develop dementia than abstainers.
Now, it may be that folks who are overweight and have Type 2 diabetes or heart disease give up sugary sodas for diet versions and then develop health problems -- like stroke and dementia -- that are repercussions of their chronic medical conditions. So, the researchers want to make it clear: In this study, the association of diet soda to dementia and stroke doesn't mean that it causes those conditions or that giving it up can help you avoid them. Instead it's a red flag, saying "Hey, what's going on with your health?"
So if you're a diet-soda drinker, it's time to assess your health and stress levels. Make a plan to get in 10,000 steps a day (which dispels stress, burns fat and tones muscle), eat 5 to 9 servings of produce daily (to fight heart disease and diabetes) and rely on water, coffee and tea for your beverages.
Q: I have a two-year grant to study in the states, so I brought my family from Mexico City. We've been here only for about six months, and my boys, 10 and 15, are gaining weight. How can I help them avoid that? -- Maria G., Austin, Texas
A: Welcome! We're sorry, but crossing the border puts you at certain health risks. The fast-food, quick-stop, drive-thru American diet packs on pounds. But there are solutions.
First, teach your kids (you do this, too) to look on ingredients labels for added sugars and added syrups. They're in almost all processed foods and sugary drinks.
High-fructose corn syrup is one of the biggest sugar polluters, and the corn it's derived from is generally genetically modified, which means it's usually been treated with the pesticide glyphosate (brand name Round-Up). New research has shown possible links from GMO foods and glyphosate-treated crops to endocrine disruption, organ damage and birth defects.
Second, trans fats used in snack foods, margarine, packaged baked goods and fried fast foods, and saturated fats found in processed and red meats and full-fat dairy, are found throughout our food chain. They'll pack on pounds and are bad for your heart and other organ systems. Instead, go for monounsaturated fats, like extra-virgin olive oil and healthy fats found in nuts, avocados and polyunsaturated oils.
Lastly, say "no" to grains that aren't 100 percent whole. Whole grains help you avoid weight gain, insulin resistance and diabetes, while refined grains, such as white bread or rice, are associated with those health hazards.
It will take attention to detail for a while, but you'll get it down. Then you and your family will have an easier time controlling your weight -- and you'll have more energy, mental focus and a happier outlook.
Mehmet Oz, M.D. is host of "The Dr. Oz Show," and Mike Roizen, M.D. is Chief Medical Officer at the Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute. Submit your health questions at http://www.youdocsdaily@sharecare.com.
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Oz: A popped question -- what makes diet sodas unhealthy? - Pueblo Chieftain
Posted: May 20, 2017 at 9:41 pm
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (WIAT) May is National High Blood Pressure Education Month and one of the main messages is to encourage people to eat well for your heart.
A diet high in fruits and vegetables can help you maintain a healthy weight, as well as reduce the risk for many of the leading causes of death, including heart disease. Although some people only eat fruits and vegetables, the CDC reports that in every state, not enough people are eating fruits and vegetables. Only about one in three adults meet the recommendations for fruit intake and about one in four get the recommended vegetables.
A diet high in fruits and vegetables is important for maintaining a healthy weight because they are high in fiber and water. It also reduces the risk of leading causes of death, such as heart disease, some cancers, stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease and diabetes.
Some strategies to improve your diet include asking if a restaurant will not add salt and making sure to read your food labels. There is hidden sodium in many processed foods. Replacing salty processed foods with fruits and vegetables is helpful for adults and children. A healthy diet includes two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables each day. Eating right doesnt mean giving up pizza and burgers but striking a balance is key.
Fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium and also contain phytochemicals. There are over 10,000 known phytochemicals in the plant-based foods we eat. Phytochemical simply means plant-chemical and the color of your food indicates which one is present.
Blue and purple fruits and vegetables drive their color from anthocyanin. That acts as a powerful antioxidant to protect cells from damage. Many red and pink fruits and veggies are also rich in anthocyanins but the darker the blue or purple hue, the higher the phytochemical concentration.
Anthocyanins can also make blood vessels healthier, reverse short-term memory loss associated with aging, improve motor skills, and help prevent bacteria from sticking to cells (such as the lining of the urinary tract.) Some examples of blue and purple foods to look out for include blueberries, blackberries, eggplant, figs, juneberries, plums, prunes, purple grapes, raisins.
If youd like more tips on how to lower your blood pressure, click here. You can also find more information on how to reduce sodium by searching the WIAT website with the keyword sodium.
One recipe to try: blueberry muffin smoothie adapted from the Iowa Girl Eats website. You can find the original recipe here.
SERVES 1
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Simple diet changes can make your life heart healthy during National Hypertension Education Month - WIAT 42
Posted: May 19, 2017 at 11:46 am
Remember when Atkins was all the rage? Then it was replaced with the South Beach Diet, and later Weight Watchers ("I LOVE Bread")? Fad diets come and gobut the latest two most popular ones beg an important question about American eating habits: why do our attempts at healthy eating involve such extremes when #balance might just be the best thing for your health and fitness routine?
ICYMI, paleo dietingis pretty popular. And though it might feel so 2014, the caveman craze is far from over. In fact, a recent Grubhub studyfound that paleo orders increased by 370 percent in 2016, making it the most popular dietary-specific choice for the year. (And Grubhub isn't the only company to find that paleo is currently king in the dieting world.) To no one's surprise,raw diet orders came in second place, witha 92-percent increase last year. Apparently, when it comes to ordering healthy food, the country is split between ordering high-fat, meat-heavy dishes, and 100-percent produce-fueled food. Call me a traditionalist, but both of these seem a bit extreme.
How is it possible that the top two diets in America are basically total opposites?
The appeal behind paleo and raw dieting boils down to two things, according to Susan Pierce Thompson, Ph.D., adjunct associate professor of cognitive sciences at the University of Rochester, eating psychology specialist, and author of Bright Line Eating: The Science of Living Happy, Thin, and Free.One, the fact that both have scientific narratives ("People are really attracted to knowing the 'why' underneath what they're doing," says Thompson), regardless of whether there's truth in these narratives or not.
And people really do feel better when they're on these diets. About 60 percent of the typical American diet comes from ultra-processed foods, says Thompson. Both the paleo diet and raw diets ditch this ultra-processed food and replace it with whole foodswhich just happens to be the basic recipe for healthy eating success. "If you just stop eating processed foods and starteating more vegetables, you'll have that feel-good benefit regardless of the diet you're on," says Thompson. But because people switch to raw dieting or paleo and dramatically increase their vegetable and whole food consumption and cut the processed crap, the narrative of both diets gets passed along with raving reviews.
Problem is, "diets" are hard to stick with, and lots of experts suggest the80/20 rulefor healthy eating longevity. So why are people picking paleo and rawarguably the two most extreme diets on the spectrumin order to put their healthy eating knowledge to use?
"The extreme approach works really well for some people," says Thompson. You likely fall into one of two personality groups: the abstainers or the moderators. The former works better with clear boundaries and "off-limits" items, while the latter finds that the occasional indulgence actually strengthens their resolve and heightens pleasure, according to Gretchen Reuben, the author behind the concept. "An abstainer will actually do better with an extreme kind of diet," says Thompson. "A moderator will do better if they avoid a strict diet."
There's one time when abstinenceand extreme dietingdoes work better for both types of people, and that's when addiction comes into play."If you have someone whose brain is addicted to sugar and flour, for example, then choosing to abstain from them completely is actually the moderate choice," says Thompson. (See: 5 Signs You're Addicted to Junk Food)
So if you find that you're happiest and healthiest outlining your diet per the paleo, raw, or some other plan, there's no shame; going all-out with your healthy eating might be best for you. But if restriction ends in binges or makes you completely miserable? Moderation might be your happy medium. As long as you're eating whole foods, lots of veggies, and cutting out ultra-processed Franken-foods, your body will handle the rest just fine, says Thompson: "There's no one-size-fits-all solution."
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The Most Popular Diets In America Prove That We're Pretty Extreme with Our Eating - Shape Magazine
Posted: May 19, 2017 at 11:46 am
We already knew that fat could accumulate pretty much anywhere on our bodies, but we kind of thought our bones, at least, were a fat-free zone. Sadly, it turns out that's not at all the case. But just like all our other pudge, bone fat can also be blasted by exercise, according to researchers from the University of North Carolina.
When you think about it, it makes sense that bones have fat; that's what makes bone marrow such a delicacy on some menus. But the way in which the bone marrow fat forms and its role in the body have both been a bit unclear to scientists, says UNC. So a study led by Maya Styner, a physician and assistant professor of endocrinology and metabolism at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, set out to investigate.
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"There's been intense interest in marrow fat because it's highly associated with states of low bone density, but scientists still haven't understood its physiologic purpose," said Styner. "We know that exercise has a profound effect on fat elsewhere in the body, and we wanted to use exercise as a tool to understand the fat in the marrow."
Styner and her team raised two different groups of mice by giving them different diets starting a month after they were born. One group was fed a high-fat diet which turned them into obese mice, while the other received a normal diet that kept them lean. Then, at four months of age, half the mice from each group got a running wheel in their cage. While that might not seem like the most exciting gift to you and I, it turns out that mice really like to run, so it suited them just fine.
The researchers then took a look at the bone marrow fat from all the rodents. They found that in the mice that exercised, the amount of fat and the size of fat cells in their marrow had reduced significantly. In fact the reduction was so significant that fat-wise, the marrow of the obese mice was pretty much identical to those of the lean mice even the wheel-running lean mice. The researchers also found the mice who exercised had thicker bones and that this thickening was most pronounced in the obese mice.
"Obesity appears to increase a fat depot in the bone, and this depot behaves very much like abdominal and other fat depots," said Styner. "Exercise is able to reduce the size of this fat depot and burn it for fuel and at the same time build stronger, larger bones."
While the researchers were able to draw parallels between exercise and thicker, leaner bones, at this point they're not entirely sure about the relationship between marrow fat reduction and bone health.
One theory is that when fat cells get burned inside the marrow, the energy released could be used by the body to beef up bone composition. Another theory involves cells known as mesenchymal stem cells, which lead to the creation of both fat and bone cells. It could be that exercise tips their production quotas to more bone and less fat. Interestingly, if this second theory turns out to be valid, mesenchymal stem cells also produce bone and fat in human, so the results could translate well.
"If we want to take this technique to the human level, we could study marrow fat in humans in a much more reliable fashion now," said Styner. "And our work shows this is possible."
Details of the study have been published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.
Source: University of North Carolina
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Fatty bones? That's nothing a little exercise can't handle - New Atlas
Posted: May 19, 2017 at 11:46 am
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Pepcid ulcer diet - Pepcid ac and lipitor - Liquid pepcid for babies - The Independent News
Posted: May 19, 2017 at 11:46 am
Applying feed additives in feed may not always work consistently, as the substrates inside any pigs gastro-intestinal tract are different. A novel feed additive having an adaptive enzyme producing capacity, however, has been observed to overcome that.
While intensive, indoor pig production is the most effective and economic way to raise pigs, it is not without its limitations. Maximising feed efficiency, achieving a consistent growth rate and controlling and preventing diseases are common challenges that can be difficult to overcome within the standard grower-finisher pig production model.
Historically, producers have used antibiotics as a cost effective tool to reduce the impact of disease and environmental pathogens on growth. However, government-mandated withdrawal of in-feed antibiotics in some countries and mounting consumer pressures in others have left producers searching for alternatives.
Disappointing results from past trials have made many producers sceptical of feed additives outside of phytase. However, researchers found that providing more digestible amino acids to the small intestine, the site of greatest absorption, can provide pigs with the tools to simultaneously support immune function and optimise growth. Emerging research has identified an enzyme/probiotic combination, Syncra SWI, that consistently improves amino acid digestibility, thereby improving growth and reducing feed costs.
By combining enzymes with probiotics, improved and consistent growth performance can be achieved with pigs. Photo: Dr Maria Walsh
The solution combines a protease enzyme and a multi-strain Bacillus species probiotic (a direct-fed-microbial; DFM). It consistently delivers digestibility largely due to the probiotics agile enzyme producing capacity that adapts to different feed ingredients.
As a live and responsive organism, the multi-strain probiotic can adapt its enzyme production profile to be specific to the available substrate in the small intestine. This enables the same additive to consistently degrade substrate in many different feed ingredients.
Furthermore, the probiotic uses spore-forming Bacillus strains that are highly stable to heat and processing, yet will germinate and thrive in the small intestine of the animal. This acts as an enzyme delivery system that allows unstable enzymes which would not normally survive pelleting or the stomach, to be delivered safely to the small intestine where they are needed to break down substrate.
The exogenous protease enzyme in the strategy targets a wide range of amino acid sequences that are complimentary to pigs specific endogenous protease activity. These proteases work synergistically with the proteases and fibre-degrading enzymes from the multi-strain probiotic to provide exceptional protein breakdown, which is needed to target fibre-bound protein, liberating amino acids and other nutrients from the complex feed matrix.
A number of enzyme and probiotic screening studies were conducted to search for a solution to improve the solubilisation of the fibre-protein complex in the small intestine in grower pigs. While improvements in performance and digestibility of nitrogen and energy were seen with some enzymes, probiotics, and combinations of the two, it was evident that the protease/multi-strain probiotic combination worked well.
Understanding how the synergistic benefits of the enzyme/probiotic combination are achieved, begins by breaking down the role of amino acids.
The profile of amino acids used by a pig to elicit an immune response is very similar to that required for growth. Therefore, when a pigs immune system is challenged, amino acids are diverted away from growth. There is an increasing body of evidence that suggests that digestible amino acid supply may be a key limitation to growth and feed efficiency in grower-finisher pigs.
Recent research showed pigs raised in low sanitary conditions performed significantly better when they were provided with a supplemented amino acid diet, containing increased methionine, threonine and tryptophan; as compared to a basal amino acid diet.
Other research showed that high fibre diets increase the amino acid requirements of grower pigs; including threonine, which plays an important role in gut health as well as antibody production. This means that vital amino acids can be diverted away from growth and used instead for gut maintenance.
Furthermore, tryptophan is used to synthesise acute phase proteins the first line of defence in an immune response. It is thought that the reduction in animal performance in low sanitary conditions is largely due to this competition for dietary tryptophan.
One study, conducted by Maria Walsh in 2017, explored the potential of this strategy to increase the digestibility of amino acids in pigs fed a corn/soybean meal-based diet. Overall, adding the enzyme/probiotic combination resulted in an average improvement of 33% in the apparent digestibility of amino acids (see Figure 1). This indicates that a greater proportion of amino acids, which are key for growth as well as for supporting immune defence, will be readily available at the key site of absorption.
The response (Figure 1) was highly correlated to the digestibility and concentration of the amino acid in the diet meaning there were large improvements in poorly digested amino acids present in high concentrations, and small improvements in amino acids that are highly digestible and present in lower concentrations.
Although corn and soybean meal are known for having relatively high amino acid digestibility, there are considerable fractions of protein in these ingredients that remain bound to fibre and are therefore less digestible. In corn and soybean meal, 1% of protein is bound to fibre. But as the fibre content and/or processing of feed ingredients increases, the proportion of fibre-bound protein also increases, thereby reducing the digestibility and availability of essential amino acids.
For example, corn distillers dried grains and solubles (DDGS) has 13.6% of protein bound to fibre. This is compounded by the fact that a number of studies suggest that pigs do not have the capacity to breakdown and liberate nutrients from the fibre-protein complex with only their endogenous digestive capacity from the small intestine.
About 75% of these animal trials showed more than 3% feed conversion ratio (FCR) improvement over the control. This consistency has enabled researchers to generate a robust amino acid and energy matrix. When applied to a corn/soybean meal/corn DDGS-based diet formulation for grower-finisher pigs, the matrix shows a cost savings of $5.00 to $13.00 per short ton (907 kg).
With the growing pressure to remove antibiotics while maintaining performance and health, novel feed additive solutions are becoming increasingly more important. This research demonstrates the potential of the enzyme/probiotic combination and how its ability to breakdown otherwise indigestible substrates can lead to a variety of benefits for pig production, improved and consistent growth performance for sustainable profitability.
References available upon request.
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Adaptive additives enhance amino acid digestibility - Pig Progress (registration) (blog)
