This story is an update of a story that was first published on January 3, 2019.
But there's a delicious and healthy way to cut back on your use of meat while it's expensive and scarce: Start cooking like you live in one of the 21 sun-soaked countries that surround the Mediterranean Sea.
"Even though it's called the Mediterranean diet, it's not really a diet," said Atlanta registered dietitian Rahaf Al Bochi, a spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in a prior interview with CNN.
"It doesn't tell you what to eat and not eat. It's a lifestyle that encourages consuming all food groups but gives more weight to those which have the most health benefits," said Al Bochi.
That means an emphasis on plants: fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts and seeds. Fish and other seafood are consumed at least twice a week. Cheese and yogurt show up daily to weekly, in moderate portions; chicken and eggs are okay on occasion, but the use of other meats and sweets is very limited.
A diet in which meat is as rare as sweets? For anyone who thinks a meal is built around a portion of red meat, pork or chicken, the thought of a plant-based diet can seem overwhelming.
"It doesn't have to be a complete overhaul overnight," registered dietitian Kelly Toups said in a prior interview, "or be all-or-nothing for you to start to shift your health. When it comes to healthy eating, every bite counts."
Toups is the nutrition director for Oldways, a nonprofit nutrition organization dedicated to guiding people "to good health through heritage."
On the Mediterranean diet, you'll eat a lot of veggies and use all kinds and colors to get the broadest range of nutrients, phytochemicals and fiber. Cook, roast or garnish them with herbs and a bit of extra virgin olive oil.
Stay away from coconut and palm oil, warns Al Bochi. Even though they are plant-based, those oils are high in saturated fats that will raise bad cholesterol.
Add whole grains and fruit to every meal, but use nuts and seeds as a garnish or small snack due to their high calorie and fat content.
Eating this way, research shows, has tons of health benefits.
"From a health perspective it's great because people typically will reduce weight without trying so hard," said registered dietitian Stella Volpe who chairs the Department of Nutrition Sciences at Drexel University. "Plant-based foods are lower in energy and calories."
Whole grains an easy start
One of the easiest steps to take when starting the Mediterranean diet, Toups says, is to replace refined grains with whole grains. Choose whole-wheat bread and pasta, and replace white rice with brown or wild rice.
"If you're comparing two different loaves of bread, for example, one might have 18 grams of whole grain per slice, and one might have 22," Toups said. "So if you're new to whole grains, perhaps you want to start lower and work your way up." (Eating a lot of fiber all at once can cause constipation.) Sandee to confirm addition.
Grains that have changed little over the centuries, known as "ancient grains," are also a key feature of the Mediterranean diet. Quinoa, amaranth, millet, farro, spelt, Kamut (a wheat grain said to be discovered in an Egyptian tomb) and teff (an Ethiopian grain about the size of a poppy seed) are some examples of ancient grains.
Each has a different taste and texture, so Toups suggests trying out one a month at home or at a restaurant.
"Mediterranean cuisine has been a popular trend for a while now," Toups said. "It's pretty easy to sample different Mediterranean grains and foods because these types of ingredients have become so popular in mainstream restaurants."
At least six servings of grains, maybe more, are suggested each day, and at least half of those should be whole grain, Toups says. If you're worried about the effect of carbs on your waistline, she suggests you look at the longer-term benefits.
"We definitely get questions about these low-carb diets," Toups said. "Just because something might help you lose weight quickly doesn't mean it was healthy for your body to do it that way. You can lose weight by catching malaria too, but that doesn't mean you should do that."
Rethink your protein
To maximize the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, varied sources of protein are key. That works beautifully for cutting back on meat products.
"You don't need to be eating meat and poultry every single day to get your protein requirements," Al Bochi said. "Beans and lentils are great sources of protein, as well. They also give you fiber, vitamins and a lot of antioxidants."
An easy way to start, Al Bochi says, is to cook one meal each week based on beans, whole grains and vegetables, using herbs and spices to add punch. When one night a week is a breeze, add two, and build your non-meat meals from there.
To do that easily, Al Bochi suggests stocking your pantry with easy-to-use ingredients. Some of her favorite protein sources are lentils, canned beans and chickpeas. Lentils take only 25 minutes to cook on the stove, she says, with no overnight soaking needed; canned beans and chickpeas only need to be rinsed before they can be tossed into soups and salads or used to make quesadillas or burgers.
When you eat meat, have small amounts. For a main course, that means no more than 3 ounces of chicken or lean meat. Better yet: Use small pieces of chicken or slices of lean meat to flavor a veggie-based meal, such as a stir fry.
Two servings a week of fatty fish such as salmon, herring, sardines and albacore tuna are a must on the Mediterranean diet due to their high content of healthy omega-3 fatty acids, a key to lowering your risk for heart disease.
The association suggests eating a wide variety of seafood to minimize any adverse effects. Shrimp, salmon, pollock, canned light tuna and catfish tend to have the lowest levels of mercury, the group says, while swordfish, shark, mackerel and tilefish have the highest levels and should be avoided, especially by children and pregnant women.
Dairy products are also a great source of protein. Eating Greek yogurt for breakfast or a cube of cheese as a snack is encouraged on the Mediterranean diet, as long as it's in moderation.
"In the Mediterranean, cheese is eaten in small quantities, such as a sprinkle of grated Parmesan on a soup or vegetable dish," Toups said, "and not in a four-cheese pizza sort of way."
Don't skip breakfast
Oldway's Mediterranean plan encourages breakfast. Otherwise, your body thinks food is scarce and slows your metabolism, contributing to weight gain.
Choose between whole-grain toast, bagels, pita or English muffins, spread with soft cheese, hummus, avocado or any nut butter. You can also substitute whole-grain cereal, such as oatmeal or granola, with up to a cup of milk, yogurt and soy or nut milk.
Add a small to medium fruit or a cup of berries, instead of fruit juice, as the fiber will help fill you up. To make that fullness last until lunch, the plan suggests adding an egg, yogurt or handful of nuts to the meal.
If you're not pressed for time in the morning, breakfast can be a much larger affair. A breakfast wrap, veggie omelet or frittata, or a whole-grain pancake with fresh berries and yogurt are all good choices.
You can also think outside the box. Why not try leftover soup or a big plate of roasted veggies for breakfast?
"Many people in the Mediterranean eat small platters of food for breakfast," Al Bochi said. "A few olives, some cheese, some honey and fruit, things like that."
Rethink dessert
Daily dessert within a Mediterranean diet is also different than the typical American selection.
"Eating fruit that is in season is the dessert of choice in the Mediterranean region," Al Bochi said, "rather than our typical pastries, cookies and cakes."
If you tire of eating raw fresh fruit, get creative. Poach pears in pomegranate juice with a bit of honey, then reduce the sauce and serve over Greek yogurt. Grill pineapple or other fruits and drizzle with honey. Make a sorbet out of fruit, including avocado (it's really a fruit). Stuff a fig or date with goat cheese and sprinkle on a few nuts. Create a brown rice apple crisp or even a whole-wheat fruit tart.
Some cultures in the Mediterranean add a glass of red wine to their daily meal.
But if you enjoy vino, it's fine to treat yourself with a small glass of red wine at dinnertime as part of the Mediterranean diet, says Al Bochi. It's also okay to add the occasional bakery treat or other guilty pleasure. After all, there is no food that is truly off-limits.
"People have this mentality of 'OK, I need to cut sugar out, cut carbs out,' " Al Bochi said. "But I encourage you to think, 'what can I add to my diet?' Where can you add more fruits and vegetables? Where can you add more beans and lentils and whole grains? Where can you add some of those healthy fats?"
"So that's the mentality I encourage," she said. "A more positive approach to creating healthy behaviors."
Add joyful movement and socialize
Interestingly, the underlying principle of the Mediterranean diet isn't about food. Instead, the greatest emphasis is placed on exercise, mindfully eating with friends and family, and socializing over meals.
"We encourage at least 20 minutes per meal," Al Bochi said. "I understand that can be hard for a lot of people to implement, but start small. Turn off the TV, put away the cell phone, focus on meaningful conversations, chew slowly and pause between bites. That could be the start to your mindful eating journey."
As for exercise, it doesn't have to be in a gym.
"The Mediterranean lifestyle is walking with friends and family," Toups said. "Instead of thinking of exercise as something that you have to do, just walk or dance or move in joyful ways."
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Overcome the coronavirus meat shortage by adopting one of the world's healthiest diets - CNN
