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Maye Musk was a dietitian for 45 yearswhy she doesn’t believe in fad diets like keto or intermittent fasting – CNBC

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

While many people recognize Maye Musk as the oldest model to become the face of CoverGirl or as the mother of Tesla co-founder and CEO Elon Musk, she also had a successful career as a registered dietitian for 45 years and still keeps up her credentials.

Though some of her son Elon's Silicon Valley contemporaries, like Twitter and Square CEO Jack Dorsey, are fans of internet-famous diets like intermittent fasting, gluten-free diets and the ketogenic diet, Maye Musk is not sold: "I never did the fad diets, I have to stick to science," Musk tells CNBC Make It.

Maye Musk, 71, is the a dietician and at 69 became the CoverGirl model.

Photo credit Mark Seliger

Intermittent fasting, an eating pattern that entails alternating between periods of fasting and eating, has become mega-popular among high-profile figures from Dorsey, who says it makes him more productive, to actress Jennifer Aniston. But while studies on mice suggest that intermittent fasting could help with weight loss, help slow the effects of aging, improve cognition and possibly protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases, overall, experts agree that there needs to be more research done on humans to determine whether it's safe and maintainable.

As for the ketogenic diet, it is a high-fat, extremely low carbohydrate diet that was originally intended to treat epilepsy. The point of this diet is to put your body into a state of "ketosis," which means that you're burning fat instead of carbs for energy. Some mice studies suggest that a low-carb diet could improve brain function, and many people use the "keto" diet to lose weight. However given how restrictive it is, it can be challenging to follow and could lead to nutritional deficiencies.

You have to think "...is it sustainable? Is it foods you like? And are you fun to be around?" Musk says of restrictive diets.

Gluten-free diets have been popular but are really only a medical necessity for people with Celiac disease.

"I've had to teach myself in social situations not to talk about anything relating to diet because everybody has their own theory," Musk says.

But there are a few healthy diets Musk approves of, including the Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes vegetables, whole grains, legumes and olive oil; the DASH diet, a low sodium diet aimed at lowering blood pressure; and the flexitarian diet, a mostly plant-based diet.

Musk's own diet is closest to the flexitarian diet: Musk says she typically has high-fiber cereal and 1% milk for breakfast. Then she'll have a snack of yogurt and fruit, and a salad and whole wheat bread, or sushi for lunch. Her afternoon snack is a latte and fruit, and for dinner, she likes to "keep my evenings very light" with a bean soup, or cooked vegetables with protein and a starch like potatoes, rice or whole wheat bread.

"Healthy eating is easy with a knowledge, but avoiding poor eating is hard," Musk says. She loves sweet foods, such as chocolates and cookies, but says that she doesn't like to keep them in her home "because I will finish them off."

The best thing people can do to improve their diet is pretty simple, Musk says. "You have to really use common sense and enjoy the foods you eat, and you have to be aware," she says.

Reporting by Cat Clifford and Jessica Leibowitz

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Maye Musk was a dietitian for 45 yearswhy she doesn't believe in fad diets like keto or intermittent fasting - CNBC

What is the whole30 diet? Why experts call it the ‘antithesis’ of a healthy diet – Insider – INSIDER

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

The whole30 diet is just what it sounds like 30 days of eating only whole foods, meaning foods that haven't been processed or refined. At the same time, you cut out dairy, grains, and added sugars, to name just a few. What's left ends up looking pretty much like every other extreme low-carb diet.

The inventors, Melissa Hartwig Urban and her ex-husband Dallas Hartwig, describe the diet as a type of elimination diet. Elimination diets are used under medical supervision to identify specific foods to which you may be sensitive, or allergic.

Notably, thanks largely to social media, people are adopting whole30 more like a standard weight-loss diet. And while many personal accounts indicate that it may have helped some individuals with weight-loss short-term, some experts aren't impressed with the diet. Here's what you should know before trying the whole30 diet.

The whole30 diet involves a lot of restrictions. The website even includes guides to help people navigate some of the more specific bans. The main points of the diet are:

Don't eat:

Do eat:

The whole30 website says that dieters should not focus too much on weight loss. In fact, you're advised not to weigh yourself or take body measurements for the entire 30 day period.

Instead, according to the inventors' theory, you stop eating many different types of food at once to "reset" your body. When it's over, you slowly add back each type of food group and observe how your body reacts.

For example, if you add milk back into your diet and start getting stomach aches again, it is possible that you have trouble digesting lactose.

However, some critics of the whole30 diet say that it may not do what it intends, as taking a break from certain foods can cause you to react badly to them when you add them back to your diet.

One advantage of the diet is that it encourages people to cook more and move away from highly processed foods, says Carrie Dennet, MPH, RDN, a registered dietician nutritionist.

However, "this diet also makes it difficult to enjoy meals with others," says Dennet. You may have a hard time keeping it up without becoming socially isolated.

Moreover, the US News & World Report's panel of medical professionals report that the diet's highly restrictive nature is another mark against it, calling it the "antithesis of a long-term healthy dietary pattern."

In fairness, the whole30 diet is only meant to be done for 30 days. No more, no less.

There's no published research that evaluates whether, or not, the whole30 diet works or is even safe in either the short or long-term.

It is concerning that the whole30 diet can potentially lead to nutritional deficiencies, say Dennet. "The reality is that the more foods or food groups you take 'off the table,' the harder it is to meet nutritional needs."

Dennet also advises that people should only do elimination diets under the supervision of a registered dietitian who can help you determine the best elimination diet to follow for your specific needs since food sensitivity and allergies are different for everyone.

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What is the whole30 diet? Why experts call it the 'antithesis' of a healthy diet - Insider - INSIDER

The Biggest Loser’s Bob Harper – Diet and Workout – menshealth.com

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

Bob Harper caught the bug in Nashville. It was just a small studio in his neighborhood, but when Harper started exercising there, he was hooked. So he packed up, drove to L.A. from Tennessee and broke into fitness. Next up: becoming a celebrity trainer and then hosting The Biggest Loser.

Looking at Harper, you might assume he rode from Nashville to Cali in the hope of rockstardom. When we caught up with the fitness host at his home (now in downtown Manhattan), he answered the door looking more grunge than gurublack Rolling Stones T-shirt, bleach blond hair, tattoo sleeves and ink across his knuckles. And while his looks may resemble those of a guitarist after an all-night bender, Harpers habits are anything but excessive.

In fact, the 54 year old may just be the healthiest guy weve featured so far.

Following him to his kitchen, we can definitely say he has the most health-enviable, Whole-Foods-isle-looking fridge weve ever seen, and we get the sense that our visit prompted zero rearranging; Bob Harper wakes up to a fridge like this every dang day. Fridge staples include kombucha (for after Yoga), green juices (low sugar) that taste like grassI kinda like that, fresh vegetablescarrots, brusel sprouts, asparagus, celerygreek yogurt, egg whites, and fruit. No microwaveables. No sweets. Unlike plenty of other celebs who rely on chefs, Harper cooks most of his own food. I want to know whats in my food. I get to control every protein, fat, and carb that I eat.

It all may sound obsessive and hyper-curated, but Harper has reason to watch his diet.

In 2017 while at a CrossFit class, Harper experienced a heart attack. Luckily there was a doctor in the class who was able to administer CPR. Still, Harper had to be put in a medically-induced coma after he was defibrillated. He owes his life, doctors say, to his superior physical condition.

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But that physicality needed some adjustments, Harper concluded.

Before I was eating high-protein, high-fat. I worked out really intensely. And I had this veracious appetite. Since my heart attack, I really count my micros. I look at my protein, fat, and carbs. I tend to stay a little low fat. I stay away from red meat.

Harpers heart attack also forced him to back off the intense exercising. Before, he would slam CrossFit workouts. Now, he opts for yoga, hitting his studio up the street 5-6 times a week. And thats hot yoga, by the waywalking into a room thats 115 degrees with high humidity, standing on a mat for 90 minutes, no music, specific direction; its a mind fuck. He admits the intensity is comparable to CrossFit.

Harper says anyone focusing on serious dieting or exercising needs to start slow. I dont like cutting out major food groups. I want to keep a good balance of all the nutrients. Harper also advises that anyone starting their fitness journey take everything in stride. Dont try to change everything all at once. You cannot be Miss America, Captain America, Wonder Woman, Superman in the first week, month, or year.

To lose big, you have to win the long game. And Harper is out in front.

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Tia-Clair Toomey Shares The Insane Diet That Got Her 3 CrossFit Games Wins – FitnessVolt.com

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

Tia-Clair Toomey is one of the most successful CrossFit athletes of all time. Now she gives an inside look of what fuels her body through these intense workouts.

Toomey has reached heights previously unseen by any of her fellow CrossFit athletes. She is not only a winner of the CrossFit Games, which is hard enough as is. Instead, she had taken things further by winning the event for three times running, which is more than any other female competitor has achieved. Furthermore, with each year she seems to be improving, dominating the competition at every turn.

As a result of finding this success, people naturally wonder what type of diet an athlete like Toomey maintains. Well, the answer to that question may surprise you. Instead of consuming a large amount of calories, and eating several times a day like other CrossFit champions, she only consumes 2000-2500 calories per day. However, in her opinion, it is not about how much she eats, instead of finding importance in the specific things she consumes, and when she eats them.

Tia-Clair Toomey packs on the protein and carbs throughout the day. Her diet usually breaks down into 140-150g of protein 230-250g of carbohydrates and 65-70g of fat. In fact, as she explained in a recent interviewwhen she started working with nutritionist Simone Jane Arthur, she really began to realize how important the specific things of her diet are.

I have a coach that I trust and can confide in whenever I may be wanting to indulge in something that probably would ruin my recovery and how I feel, Toomey says. Shes educated me on how important it is to listen to the body and reading the ingredients. That was a huge eye opener.

This is how the diet of Tia-Clair Toomey breaks down.

First thing in the morning, Tia-Clair Toomey drinks a glass of water with lemon. She tops that off with some apple cider vinegar gummies, before heading to the kitchen for breakfast. Although she has been known to wait until after working out, before getting breakfast. Nevertheless, when the time comes, she will sometimes enjoy a bowl of oats with various fruits, like strawberries, raspberries, or blueberries. On the other hand, this is not her favorite breakfast to have.

I also really like scrambled eggs with turkey bacon and avocado and sourdough toast. Thats my go-to, favorite thing to have.

After being satisfied with her healthy breakfast, Toomey is good to go until lunchtime. However, when it comes to her midday meal, she almost always goes for stir fry. Using coconut oil, she loves to pack her stir fry with all kinds of vegetables and proteins.

I really love to cook up a stir fry with all the vegetables, she says. I can put in as many vegetables as I like, and then add a different source of protein.

If she is not feeling like having stir fry, Toomey will also enjoy steak with asparagus and potatoes. Either that or she has eggs on a bagel.

Were just trying to make sure that Im fueling the body with wholesome ingredients of fruit, vegetables, and good proteins, like chicken steak, or fish.

Tia-Clair will also often use her leftovers from this meal to refuel after hard gym sessions.

When it comes to the last meal of the day, Toomey mostly tries to keep things light. She will usually have a good piece of steak or salmon, on top of cooked kale with a sprinkle of salt.

Its light and satisfying and healthy. I try to have a smaller dinner, so Im not going to bed on a full stomach.

Toomey will have this a few hours before heading to bed around 9. Then she gets up the next morning and does it all again.

Tia-Clair Toomey also supplements herself throughout the day, using protein shakes, and bananas to keep her body energized. Nevertheless, this is an overall small diet for someone so athletic. But if her results are any indication, it is clearly working for her.

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Tia-Clair Toomey Shares The Insane Diet That Got Her 3 CrossFit Games Wins - FitnessVolt.com

Dietitian explains pros and cons of keto diet – KMVT

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

TWIN FALLS, Idaho (KMVT/KSVT) A Twin Falls nutrition store owner often sees people coming in looking for options when seeking to follow the keto diet.

The keto diet is ranked the most popular diets in more than 20 states, including Idaho, according to BodyNutrition.org.

KMVT spoke with owner Jade Stewart who said the diet consists of incorporating high fats, moderate protein and little to no carbs. In this diet, the body then switches its fuel source to no longer burning glucose and carbohydrates, to burning fats known as ketones. This puts the body in a state known as ketosis.

"The biggest obstacle in the keto diet seems to be the sustainability," Stewart said. "You can do kind of do a lot of diets, and they will kind of work, keto doesn't kind or work you have to be all in."

This diet can be very beneficial for losing weight quickly. Stewart said one customer lost 1.2 pounds a day during one month, and had lost more than 30 pounds in a month, but how does it affect a person's health?

Kristopher Crane, a dietitian with St Luke's, is also concerned with the sustainability of the keto diet.

"Long-term, this diet is not sustainable for optimal health," Crane said. "It might be a good six month kick starter to a healthier lifestyle, but realize it's short-term and temporary."

While also cutting carbs, people are losing essential vitamins and minerals. One adverse effect to the keto diet is what is many call the "keto flu," when the body is switching to burning fats.

"You feel foggy, brain you don't feel good, you feel like you got a fever, your lethargic and sluggish," Crane said.

Both Crane and Stewart agree that the keto diet is a mixed bag of positives and negatives.

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Dietitian explains pros and cons of keto diet - KMVT

What about cats? Whats their best diet? – The Register-Guard

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

Anna Glavash @AnnaGlavash

TuesdayFeb11,2020at1:58PMFeb11,2020at1:58PM

Cats are what is called obligatory carnivores. They do eat grass, but their diets should only have about 1% or 2% non-meat content, said Mark Dunn at Natures Pet Market.

Cats are designed to live on meat. The only vegetable they get is from the intestines of the things they hunted and killed, said Nancy L. Johnson, DVM. Unlike dogs, cats need supplied taurine in their food, because they cant synthesize it, but commercial cat foods are formulated to contain appropriate levels of taurine.

Cats can get taurine from hunting rodents and should be allowed to do so, said Dr. Teri Sue Wright, DVM. I recommend my clients bait their backyards with compost piles and then let their cats hunt, she said.

But grain isnt appropriate for cats diets, say the doctors. They dont tolerate it well, said Johnson, and it causes inflammation in their systems, said Wright.

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What about cats? Whats their best diet? - The Register-Guard

Joe Rogan’s Carnivore Diet Was Disappointing And Irresponsible – Plant Based News

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

Joe Rogan recently showed off the results of his carnivore diet experiment (Photo: Instagram/Joe Rogan)

Last month, some people embarked on World Carnivore Month.

That's a whole month of eating just animals or unprocessed animal products. That' s meat or eggs, basically.

One of those people was podcaster and comedian Joe Rogan, who showcased his experience on social media.

A lot of people asked me why he got 'such good results'. So I jumped over to Rogan's profile and saw that he lost 12lbs during the month, says he feels great, and got rid of some aches and pains.

He also notes that the persistent diarrhea he suffered during the first two weeks - during which time he feared soiling himself - had now cleared up.

Looking at these initial results, it's important to consider the context, before jumping to the assumption that this experiment proves the carnivore diet is beneficial.

An anecdote, however interesting, is not science.

We have no idea what Rogan's starting point was. My bet is that he was comparing how he felt at the end of his carnivore month to how he felt the previous month. That was December - the festive season, where there will be more eating and drinking, compared to very little (or no) drinking during the experiment.

We know from one of his recent podcast episodes (with Bryan Callen, Eddie Bravo, and Brendan Schaub), that Rogan felt he had recently gained weight as a result of over-eating before January, with him saying: "Before I went on this diet, I went off the rails a bit - too many carbs, too much pasta."

So he was comparing one month of a stricter dietary regime to a previous month during which he admitted he 'went off the rails' with his food intake.

A carnivore diet means zero carbs. This means there will be less stored glycogen, and less water to store that glycogen (for every part glycogen three-four parts of water are needed to store it).

This is why people on low carbohydrate diets drop a lot of water weight, and why people trying to quickly reduce their weight for competitions cut their carb intake. But this drop in weight is not fat. When carbs are low, some muscle along with fat is broken down to create energy.

There are other questions worth considering. For example, did this diet mean Rogan removed a trigger food. And did eating such a restricted diet mean that in turn, he created a calorie-deficit?

Ultimately, the reality is, short term results do not trump long term scientific data. There is still zero long term science done on the carnivore diet.

But what we do know, is that there is overwhelming research to show that a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol, but low in fiber increases the risk of heart disease, and some cancers, and all-cause early death.

I'm not sure why he chose to eat this way, but promoting such an extreme diet is extremely disappointing and irresponsible. With a following as large as his, he's probably considered to a lot of people as an influencer. But what exactly is he influencing people to do?

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Joe Rogan's Carnivore Diet Was Disappointing And Irresponsible - Plant Based News

Half of U.S. Adults Want To Lose Weight And Over A Quarter Follow A Diet Plan To Do It – Benzinga

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

Losing weight is a top wellness goal for half of the U.S. adult population reports The NPD Group. Some wishing to lose weight will not follow a diet plan but instead carefully choose the foods they eat and about 25% of consumers will follow a diet plan. The top diets are "My own," keto, and intermittent fasting.

CHICAGO (PRWEB) February 11, 2020

Even though the New Year is a month old and some resolutions may have fallen to the wayside, losing weight is still a top goal for half of this country's adult population, reports The NPD Group. Some of these consumers will not follow a diet plan but instead work to lose weight by choosing foods and beverage and about 25% of consumers will follow a diet plan. The top three diet plans are "my own" diet, which can be a range of personalized dieting behaviors, the ketogenic or keto diet, which is a very low-carb, high-fat diet, and Intermittent Fasting (IF), which is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating, according to NPD's Health Aspirations and Behavioral Tracker Service.

Instead of adhering to a formalized diet or nutrition plan, 16% of consumers say that they are following "my own" diet, which might include eating more healthful foods and beverages, limiting the amount of food eaten, and other changes in eating behaviors. The keto diet, which began in the 1920s as a treatment for pediatric epilepsy and became popular as a weight loss, muscle building diet several years ago, is followed by 5% of U.S. adults. Another 4% of adults follow Intermittent Fasting, the popularity of which has been fueled by medical studies showing the effectiveness of this diet in improving overall health, books, and celebrity endorsements. The remaining percentages of consumers who follow a diet plan to lose weight is fragmented across a host of other diet programs, reports NPD.

"From the standpoint of food manufacturers and foodservice operators, dieting and trying to lose weight are big consumer behaviors," says Darren Seifer, NPD food and beverage industry analyst. "The opportunity is to help consumers follow through on their goals by positioning products and menu items to a specific diet, like keto-friendly, or innovate on new products that deliver on what consumers are looking for in terms of dieting or losing weight."

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About The NPD Group

NPD offers data, industry expertise, and prescriptive analytics to help our clients grow their businesses in a changing world. Over 2000 companies worldwide rely on us to help them measure, predict, and improve performance across all channels, including brick-and-mortar and e-commerce. We have offices in 27 cities worldwide, with operations spanning the Americas, Europe, and APAC. Practice areas include apparel, appliances, automotive, beauty, books, B2B technology, consumer technology, e-commerce, fashion accessories, food consumption, foodservice, footwear, home, juvenile products, media entertainment, mobile, office supplies, retail, sports, toys, travel retail, games, and watches. For more information, visit npd.com. Follow us on Twitter: @npdgroup.

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MSDF captain admits in Diet to running sex business – The Tokyo Reporter

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:44 pm

TOKYO (TR) A ship captain in the Maritime Self-Defense Force (MSDF) admitted to running a so-called delivery health business during testimony in the Diet on Monday, reports TBS News (Feb. 10).

At the Budget Committee of the lower house of the Diet, Tetsuya Morita, 55, said that he registered the out-call business in the name of his wife and set up its web site in February, 2010.

I earned an income as the manager of the business, which dispatched women [to male customers] for sex, Morita said.

Morita is believed to have conducted various activities connected to the business, including updating its web site, in secret while on duty. He is now under investigation on suspicion of violating the Self-Defense Forces Law.

The Ministry of Defense last week said that Morita was transferred from his post as captain of training vessels to a headquarters position at a facility in Yokosuka City.

In the past, Morita served as captain of the escort vessel Yamayuki and the supply vessel Masyu.

Taro Kono, who is the Minister of Defense, said, I want to work hard to enhance discipline such that no such thing happens again.

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MSDF captain admits in Diet to running sex business - The Tokyo Reporter

You broke a bone in the middle of nowhere. Now what? – Popular Science

Posted: February 11, 2020 at 5:43 pm

For February, were focusing on the body parts that shape us, oxygenate us, and power us as we take long walks on the beach. Bony bonafide bones. These skeletal building blocks inspire curiosity and spark fear in different folkswe hope our stories, covering everything from surgeries and supplements to good old-fashioned boning, will only do the first. Once youve thoroughly blasted your mind with bone facts, check out our previous themed months: muscle and fat.

Picture this: While descending a precarious slope, you lose your balance, land awkwardly on a rock, and your foot wrenches sideways. Immediately, you hear a distinct cracking soundone youll probably never be able to forgetand you fall to the ground in pain. What moments ago was a pleasant weekend hike has officially become a lot less enjoyable: youre in the wilderness with a broken bone.

While an injury like this means the end to an excursion, its rarely a life-and-death situation. In fact, with the right training, the appropriate tools, and a level head, you can make it back to civilization in one piece and with a hell of a story to tell.

Stay calm and assess the situation

The most common musculoskeletal injury in the outdoors is a sprained ankle, but fractured or broken bones are also a concern, especially ankles, wrists, and ribs. If this happens to you or a fellow hiker in the backcountry, stay calm and evaluate the situation. It is the job of whoevers not injured to take control and decide the best course of action to keep everyone safe.

But before being able to assess the situation, youll need to get closerand in the wild, thats often easier said than done. First, youll need to make sure its safe for you to approach the injured person. If theyve tumbled down a slippery slope or wrenched an ankle in a boulder field, for example, make certain you wont succumb to the same fate by leaping after them. Anchor yourself to a sturdy tree with a rope before navigating a steep decline, or crawl slowly on your hands and knees if theres a chance you could trip and fall as well.

Once its safe, approach the person with caution and check their vitalsmake sure they can breathe and that theyre lucid and aware. Next, look for bloodif there is any, protect yourself and the patient by using gloves. You should always have a pair in your first aid kit, but if you dont, you can improvise them with plastic bags. Try to control the bleeding by applying pressure with a clean piece of fabric or cloth. Once youve determined the person is stable, move them to a more secure location if necessary.

Finally, take stock of the severity of the injurywhich is not always easy, according to Shana Tarter, EMT and assistant director of NOLS Wilderness Medicine. What you may think is a fracture may be a sprain, strain, or a dislocation, or vice versa. Unless theres obvious angulation (when you see a limb bent in a way it shouldnt be) or an open fracture (a broken bone protruding through the skin) you often cant be sure if its a simple fracture or something else.

But when it comes to treating any musculoskeletal injury, it often doesnt matter what you call itkeeping the person safe and stable is the priority. Take your time, keep everybody calm, and proceed to treatment.

Attend to the injury

Next, make sure the person doesnt have additional injuries. If they do, always tend to the most serious or life-threatening first. If youre dealing with a single musculoskeletal injury, start by performing a complete assessment of the wounded areathis involves checking circulation, sensation, and motion.

To get a good look, remove anything that might impede circulationthis includes rings, bracelets, accessories, and boots. Keep in mind that even if they arent causing problems now, they eventually might. When removing shoes or boots, do so carefully by loosening them up as much as you can.

First, check for a pulse below the injured area to make sure blood is flowing correctly. If the arm is hurt, for example, try the the wrist; or if the ankle is the issue, try the foot. If you find a pulse, that means circulation is good. If you see any bruising, swelling, visible bones protruding from the skin, or any unnatural colors in the injured extremity, this could be a sign of a circulation issue. These may cause complications like tissue and nerve damage if the person doesnt get medical care in a timely manner.

Then, check for sensation above and below the injury by tapping or lightly scratching the persons skin. If theres a pulse and no numbness or tingling, it means nerves are likely intact. If not, and you dont possess the proper wilderness medicine training, a speedy evacuation becomes the top priority before nerve or tissue damage sets in.

Lastly, find out if the person can move or put any weight on the injured area. There will likely be pain, but if they can move it, it means they may be able to help get themselves back to the trailhead.

If theres visible angulation, and youve been trained in wilderness first aid, Tarter recommends attempting to put the extremity back in its normal anatomical alignment. Doing so will most likely improve circulation, sensation, and motion. If that is the case, you can make your way to civilization safely and calmly. But if you cant be certain the bone is broken, you lack training, or straightening the limb doesnt improve circulation and sensation, emergency evacuation becomes the absolute priority. Leave this procedure to the trained professionals.

Immobilize, manage pain, and make an exit

If the injured extremity is usable, you may be able to stick to managing symptoms, like pain, and helping the person hike back to the trailhead. Treat symptoms by administering painkillers like ibuprofen. If youre hiking in the winter or at high altitudes, you can also use snow or ice in a bag or bandana to alleviate pain and swelling. Immersing a limb in a cold creek will also work, but only for brief periods of time so the person doesnt end up with frostbite.

But if its not usable, youll need to make a splint so the patient doesnt hurt themselves worse. Some first-aid kits include a packable splint, but a little improvisation can work, too. Use sticks, trekking poles, even the suspension system from your backpack (if it has one), to create a rigid structure around the injured limb. Thoroughly pad the space between the skin and the splint with clothing or gauze, then use elastic bandages, strips of clothing, or paracord to hold the splint snugly in place.

Immobilize the joint above and below the injury, but make sure to fix it in a natural position. If the forearm is the issue, make sure the wrist and elbow are both immobilized but that the elbow is bent and the hand rests in a curved position.

Its important to ensure the splint is sturdy and durable in case of inclement weather, but dont use tape unless absolutely necessaryif the splint becomes too tight or uncomfortable, having it secured with tape wont allow you to easily adjust it. After splinting, check for a pulse below the injury once more to ensure you havent worsened the situation by cutting off blood flow before you make your way back.

Open fracture: a hikers true nightmare

The type of broken bone people often fear most is an open fractureand for good reason. Fortunately, these kinds of fractures, especially those that involve dangerous amounts of blood loss, are fairly uncommon in the backcountry. In fact, the biggest risk with an open fracture is the risk of infection.

To prevent that from happening, use an irrigation syringethe kind found in most comprehensive first aid kitsto squirt clean, drinkable water on the end of the exposed bone, rinsing it clean. If you dont have an irrigation syringe on hand, improvise by pouring or squirting water from a water bottle. Then, only if you have the training, attempt to straighten the broken bone and get it back into the skin before you create a splint.

If you dont have any first aid training in this area, cover the exposed bone end with a moist piece of gauze so it doesnt dry out, wrap the area with a bandage, splint the limb, and evacuate. You will want to get the person to a hospital as quickly as possible.

Get help

After youve assessed the injury, made a splint, and treated some of the patients symptoms, its time to figure out how to get help. If the affected limb is even remotely unusable, that means leaving the backcountry is the next step.

If you have an emergency beacon or satellite phone, use it to call for help. If Search and Rescue (SAR) is available, give them your location; if not, call to inform authorities that youre hiking out and need help. If the trailhead isnt far and the person can walk, even slowly, help them hike out, keeping a close eye on them and regularly checking for circulation issues.

As Tarter points out, self-evacuation, if at all possible, is often the safest option, as it doesnt put rescuers or fellow hikers at risk. Besides, Musi says, SAR may not be available in all locations and circumstances, so attempting to be self-reliant is often the best course of action.

If the person cant walk, they must remain in place while you or someone whos able goes out looking for help. Make sure they are comfortable, in a safe place, and have plenty of food, water, and shelter. And before your hike out to get help, make sure you know their location as accurately as possibleyou will need to describe their position and surroundings to rescuers, and every detail counts.

If youre the injured party and hiking alone, use tools like a whistle, mirror (to reflect light as an emergency beacon), or even a small fire to signal that you need help.

Get training

Before you attempt to straighten or treat a bone you think may be broken, make sure you get the proper training. In fact, according to Musi, anyone who often treks out into the backcountry should have some level of first aid training.

If you spend any amount of time in wilderness situations, sign up for a backcountry first-aid training course from an organization like NOLS or at an education center near you. That way, if you find yourself in a situation where you or a companion must deal with a broken limb far from medical care, youll know how to treat it and make it out of the woods in one piece.

More:
You broke a bone in the middle of nowhere. Now what? - Popular Science


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