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How to lose weight like this guy who lost 26 kgs by tweaking his food intake instead of crash dieting – GQ India – What a man’s got to do

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:48 am

The motivation to lose weight and build a ripped body can come from anyone and anywhere movies - its sun-kissed actors, bodybuilders, athletes and even your peers or family members. 26-year-old Mradul Singh Rajpoot, who at his heaviest weighed 92 kgs with a fat accumulation of 38 per cent, cites his younger brother Hitendra Singh Rajput as his biggest fitness inspiration and motivator. He helped Mradul trim from 92 kgs to 66-67 kgs with only 16-17 per cent fat accumulation.

Says Mradul,growing up, my brother used to be very skinny. He was sent to a boarding school to complete his education. And, when he returned home, post his high school graduation, he had completely transformed his physique from slim and lanky to super fit. He had also developed a great personality. Everyone was a fan of his new personality, including me he says.

During this same period, my body weight kept tipping towards the heavier end of the weighing scale, he adds.

The thing is, Id always been a foodie and to top that, in 2016, I'd started working the graveyard shift for a private company. So, Id only be back home by 7 am. Consequently, my eating habits went from bad to worse, he says. Id stay up all night, and when Id finally come home, Id gorge on poha, samosas, sandwiches, namkeen and chips."

"At that time, I used to sleep early in the morning, after eating 2-3 samosas, 1-2 plates of poha, sandwiches and 1-2 packets of chips in one go. Then, Id wake up around noon, and eat a heavy lunch, followed by evening snacks and a very heavy dinner. It was almost like my whole life was dependent on junk, fast and processed food. A culmination of these bad eating habits and a hectic lifestyle led my body to gain a lot of weight. 92 kgs to be precise.

But before things could take a turn from bad to worse, Mradul decided to lose weight with his brother by his side as his motivator and guiding force. Since he knew a lot about healthy living, considering he'd transformed himself so nicely, he started giving me fitness tips. Slowly, I also started collecting information on the various reasons that lead to weight gain, weight loss as well as sustainable weight loss approaches. Through the information I collated, I was able to devise the below weight loss plan,

The first thing Mradul did was control his calorie intake by not dieting but by substituting the junk food from his meals with macros (macronutrients - fat, protein, and carbohydrates) from solid food. Think oats, nuts, green veggies and meat. This is what he ate on a daily basis:

First Meal: Breakfast (9-10 am) - 1 banana + eggs (2 whole eggs + 1 egg white) + 60-70 grams oatmeal

Second Meal: Snacks (11-12 am) - 150 grams mixed fruits + dry fruits (almonds, raisins: 5-10 pieces)

Third Meal: Lunch (2-3 pm) - 120 grams brown rice + 3 cups of green vegetables

Fourth Meal: Snacks (5-6 pm) (Pre Workout) - 1 teaspoon peanut butter + 1 slice brown bread

Post-workout - 1 scoop of Whey protein

Fifth Meal: Dinner (8-9 pm) - 100 grams of sweet potato/chicken + 1 teaspoon of olive oil (in any form) + 3-4 cups of green vegetables

I lost my 6 kgs in about 45 days itself. I went from 92 kgs to 86 kgs. And, as I kept learning more about nutrition and healthy eating, through research, I kept changing or rather updating my diet every 45 days, which aided further weight loss he explains. Mraduls healthy eating weight loss plan was also supplemented with the help of the below exercise regime.

"I used to hit the gym for an hour and a half daily for a strength/weight training session followed by a 30-minute of cardio routine. Every day, Id indulge in 5-6 exercises dedicated for each body part with 15,12,12 reps. This is what my workout plan looked like":

Monday: Chest Workout

Tuesday: Shoulder Workout

Wednesday: Back Workout

Thursday: Arms Workout

Friday: Chest and Shoulder Workout

Saturday: Legs Workout

Sunday: Rest Day (No Workout)

ALSO READ: How to workout 12 times a week and still lead a semi-normal life

By following the above routine, my metabolism has become very fast now. So, now, I indulge in heavy and high-intensity workouts to maintain my weight as well as eat protein-rich food. I also drink a lot of water and try to get 7-8 hours of sleep.

ALSO READ: Here's how drinking water at regular intervals can help you lose weight and increase your metabolism

Maintain courage, passion and stubbornness. These three attributes will lead you to your final goal.

Disclaimer: The diet and workout routines shared by the respondents may or may not be approved by diet and fitness experts. GQ India doesn't encourage or endorse the weight loss tips & tricks shared by the person in the article. Please consult an authorised medical professional before following any specific diet or workout routine mentioned above.

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How to lose weight like this guy who lost 26 kgs by tweaking his food intake instead of crash dieting - GQ India - What a man's got to do

Why hormones cause women to get headaches more than men – TODAY

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:46 am

Can hormone changes really cause headaches? Unfortunately, yes, hormonal headaches are a thing. And theres a strong chance most women will experience hormone-related migraines.

The symptoms of migraine can include a long lasting headache between four and 72 hours long; seeing spots or lines; pain on one side of the head; sensitivity to light, sound or smell, nausea and pain that increases with physical activity, according to Johns Hopkins Medical Center.

Boys and girls experience nearly the same number of migraines before age 9. But beyond that, the percentage of girls with migraines is higher. These headaches likely affect 25% to 35% of women, according to a recent study, but only about 8% of men.

If it seems like a lot of moms have headaches, it may not be the kids; its probably the age range. Women are most likely to experience headaches between 35 to 45 years old, according to another study.

Trending stories,celebrity news and all the best of TODAY.

What do hormones have to do with all this? Science says that estrogen, testosterone and cortisol, among other hormones, can play a substantial role in the onset of headaches and migraines. Sometimes, they are triggered by other activity in the body: the hormone most associated with stress, cortisol, can be fall too low during times of strain or when going too long between meals, which causes a drop in blood sugar.

Estrogen is the hormone most linked to headaches, which is why its common to hear a friend say she has a killer headache right before that time of the month. The likelihood of headaches increases during the time when estrogen levels fluctuate the most. A drop can contribute to headaches, which is why menstrual migraines are most common in women before their periods, when estrogen levels are low or fluctuating, and why pregnant women often feel a reprieve from headaches as their estrogen levels rise. On the flip side, migraine with aura is usually related to high estrogen levels.

Perimenopause and menopause can also change estrogen levels including when hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives are involved. Thats why women in these stages are more likely to complain of increased headaches.

Hormones arent the only factors that affect headaches, of course. Other contributors can include general stress levels and anxiety, fatigue, genetics, diet and even the weather. Anyone whos been down with a migraine has probably experienced these triggers.

Some of the most beloved foods can also send people under the covers, including chocolate, caffeine, peanut butter, red wine and alcohol, cheese, MSG, artificial sweeteners and processed meats.

So what can be done to combat these literal pains in the heads? These are some ways to help:

Some supplements may help with preventing future migraines, too, like magnesium and black cohosh.

If lifestyle changes dont mitigate symptoms enough, a doctor can prescribe medication or other options such as Botox, which is being used for migraine prevention.

Follow TODAY Health and Wellness on Facebook and subscribe to our newsletter "One Small Thing" for easy tips to improve your life every weekday!

Keri Glassman, MS, RD, CDN, is a renowned nutritionist, healthy cooking expert and wellness thought-leader. Follow Keri on Instagram @nutritiouslifeofficial

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Why hormones cause women to get headaches more than men - TODAY

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market is Set to Grow According to Latest Research – 101Newsindustry

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:46 am

The global market for testosterone replacement therapy is characterized by the presence of a large number of small and large scale manufacturers. All of the manufacturers have been steadfast in filling the meagre market gap in order to enhance their prospects of growth. Furthermore, research and development has been the central characteristic of al the market players operating in the global market. In 2015, it was found that 80% of the total market share was held by the top five market vendors with AbbVie Inc. taking the lead.

Obtain Report Details @https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/testosterone-replacement-therapy.html

The large scale vendors are focusing on establishing an iconic brand for their product by resorting to rigorous marketing and advertising tactics. The smaller companies are expected to concentrate on capturing the local and regional markets to sustain themselves in the current scenario of stiff competition. A negative implication for the leading market players in recent times has been the loss of patents for their products. This has not only plundered them of revenues but has also affected the workflow of these companies.

The market players are expected to launch awareness campaigns about testosterone replacement therapies in order to educate and inform the consumers. Hence, the market for testosterone replacement therapies is expected to witness the emergence of several new trends and opportunities over the forthcoming years. Some of the key players in the global testosterone replacement therapy market include Bayer AG, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis AG, and Allergen plc.

Request PDF Sample of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Report @https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=1097

The CAGR for theglobal testosterone replacement therapy marketis estimated to be -4.20% over the period between 2016 and 2024. The negative growth rate of the global market is expected to take the market value from US2.0 bn in 2015 to a decreased value of US$1.3 bn by 2024-end.

High Incidence of Hypogonadism to Drive Market Demand

Research studies suggest that around 30% of all men suffer from testosterone deficiency, which has driven demand within the global market for testosterone replacement therapy. Furthermore, the population demographic of men in the age range of 40-79 years is more likely to suffer from testosterone deficiency. The need for mutation or having an offspring amongst men in the aforementioned age range has driven demand within the global market.

Moreover, the geriatric population has been on a rise, which underhandedly contributes to market growth. Several campaigns aimed at educating people about the benefits of testosterone replacement therapy have been an important propeller of demand within the global market. It is anticipated that more people suffering from testosterone deficiency would resort to these therapies over the coming years.

Enquiry for Discount on Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Report @https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=D&rep_id=1097

Side Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Could Obstruct Market Growth

Despite the rising awareness amongst the masses about the advantages of testosterone replacement therapies, the market growth is hindered by the apprehension of the people. The chances of developing metabolic disorders are higher in men who undergo testosterone replacement therapies.

Furthermore, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases also discourages people from resorting to testosterone replacement therapies. The FDA has also cautioned people about the use of such therapies by issuing strict warnings, which has further obstructed the growth of the global market.

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market is Set to Grow According to Latest Research - 101Newsindustry

Contrasting of Mettler-Toledo International Inc. (MTD) and Antares Pharma Inc. (NASDAQ:ATRS) – The Broch Herald

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:46 am

Mettler-Toledo International Inc. (NYSE:MTD) and Antares Pharma Inc. (NASDAQ:ATRS) compete with each other in the Medical Instruments & Supplies sector. We will analyze and compare their risk, analyst recommendations, profitability, institutional ownership, dividends, earnings and valuation.

Valuation & Earnings

Table 1 shows gross revenue, earnings per share and valuation of the two companies.

Profitability

Table 2 shows the return on assets, return on equity and net margins of the two firms.

Risk & Volatility

Mettler-Toledo International Inc. has a beta of 1.33 and its 33.00% more volatile than Standard and Poors 500. Antares Pharma Inc. has a 0.93 beta and it is 7.00% less volatile than Standard and Poors 500.

Liquidity

The Current Ratio and a Quick Ratio of Mettler-Toledo International Inc. are 1.3 and 0.9. Competitively, Antares Pharma Inc. has 2.9 and 2.5 for Current and Quick Ratio. Antares Pharma Inc.s better ability to pay short and long-term obligations than Mettler-Toledo International Inc.

Analyst Recommendations

Ratings and Recommendations for Mettler-Toledo International Inc. and Antares Pharma Inc. can be find in next table.

Mettler-Toledo International Inc.s downside potential is -9.73% at a $700 consensus price target.

Insider and Institutional Ownership

The shares of both Mettler-Toledo International Inc. and Antares Pharma Inc. are owned by institutional investors at 98.5% and 40.1% respectively. About 0.4% of Mettler-Toledo International Inc.s share are owned by insiders. On the other hand, insiders owned about 2.4% of Antares Pharma Inc.s shares.

Performance

In this table we show the Weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, Half Yearly, Yearly and YTD Performance of both pretenders.

For the past year Mettler-Toledo International Inc.s stock price has smaller growth than Antares Pharma Inc.

Summary

Mettler-Toledo International Inc. beats Antares Pharma Inc. on 7 of the 12 factors.

Mettler-Toledo International Inc. manufactures and supplies precision instruments and services worldwide. The company operates in five segments: U.S. Operations, Swiss Operations, Western European Operations, Chinese Operations, and Other. It offers weighing instruments for laboratory, industrial, packaging, logistics, and food retailing applications; analytical instruments for use in life science; reaction engineering and real-time analytic systems used in drug and chemical compound development; process analytics instruments used for in-line measurement in production processes; and end-of-line inspection systems used in production and packaging for food, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Its laboratory instruments include laboratory balances, liquid pipetting solutions, titrators, physical value analyzers, and thermal analysis systems, as well as other analytical instruments, such as moisture analyzers and density refractometers; and LabX, a PC-based laboratory embedded software platform. The companys industrial solutions comprise industrial weighing instruments and terminals, automatic dimensional measurement and data capture solutions, vehicle scale systems, industrial software, and product inspection systems. Its retail weighing solutions consist of multiple weighing and food labeling solutions, stand-alone scales, and networked scales and software for handling fresh goods, such as meats, vegetables, fruits, and cheeses. The company serves the life science industry covering pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and independent research organizations; food and beverage producers; food retailers; chemical, specialty chemical, and cosmetics companies; transportation and logistics, metals, and electronics industries; and the academic community. The company markets its products through its direct sales force and indirect distribution channels. Mettler-Toledo International Inc. was founded in 1991 and is based in Columbus, Ohio.

Antares Pharma, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, focuses on developing and commercializing self-administered parenteral pharmaceutical products and technologies worldwide. The companys injection products include OTREXUP that comprises of pre-filled methotrexate syringe and VIBEX self-injection system to enable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis patients to self-inject methotrexate at home; Sumatriptan Injection USP for the acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache; ZOMA-Jet and Twin-Jector, a needle-free auto injector to deliver human growth hormone treatment to children without the use of a needle; and VIBEX disposable pressure-assisted auto injectors. In addition, the company is developing VIBEX auto injectors for treating anaphylaxis; disposable pen injectors for diabetes and osteoporosis; Makena QuickShot auto injectors for reducing risk of preterm birth; and VIBEX QS Testosterone for testosterone replacement therapy for men who have testosterone deficiency. It has strategic alliances and partnership arrangements with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.; and Ferring B.V. The company was founded in 1979 and is headquartered in Ewing, New Jersey.

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Contrasting of Mettler-Toledo International Inc. (MTD) and Antares Pharma Inc. (NASDAQ:ATRS) - The Broch Herald

These are the top trending diet and exercise searches of 2019 – msnNOW

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:45 am

iStock.com/FatCamera The Top Trending Diet and Exercise Searches of 2019

The year is drawing to a close, and with that comes a wrap of the fitness and diet choices that ruled the web and influenced our health decisions for 12 months. To find out which workouts and diets shined bright in 2019, Google studied an aggregation of trillions of searches on its platform and combined it with data from Google Trends. The result? The top trending searches that had a high spike in traffic over a sustained period in 2019.

Popular favorites like the keto ultra diet and plank exercises made Googles Year in Search report along with newer breakout trends like the Dr. Sebi diet.

Workouts that saw a spike in 2019 were medicine ball workouts, flat stomach workouts, mirror workouts, the Bikini Body Guide workout and body groove workouts a workout routine that relies on dance moves to help exercisers burn off calories. Bungee workouts, plank exercises and the manduu exercise a concept that uses electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for a custom exercise experience also topped the list. The one punch man workout, an anime-inspired workout, was also among the most searched work out terms.

A few diet regimens also saw a search increase in 2019. The intermittent fasting diet, 1200 calories diet, keto ultra diet and the GOLO diet were all common searches. The Dubrow diet, Sirtfood diet, endomorph diet, Dr. Sebi diet, Noom diet and the no carbs no sugar diet were also included in Google's list. Before embarking on any popular diet though you should be warned, many popular diets with have hidden side effects.

Slideshow: How you can do a total-body workout in your hotel room (The Active Times)

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These are the top trending diet and exercise searches of 2019 - msnNOW

A UK Campaign Supporting a Vegan Diet in January Is Coming to the U.S. – Eater

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:45 am

A U.K. initiative to eat vegan for a month is making a push in America

In a similar vein as new Year, new you initiatives like Dry January and Whole30, U.K. campaign Veganuary is coming to the U.S. and asking participants to keep a vegan diet for the first month of the year. During the 2019 campaign, more than a quarter of a million people took our pledge to try a vegan diet, says the non-profit, ...more than 500 brands, restaurants and supermarkets promoted the campaign, and launched more than 200 new vegan products and menus in the UK market alone.

Its certainly easier than ever to eat vegan, with the proliferation of fake meat. But will it actually work, or like Dry January, will it give a lot of people justification to binge come February 1? Traci Mann, a psychology professor at the University of Minnesota, told SF Gate that In general, denying yourself something makes you want to eat it more and then eat it more. But honestly, the biggest qualm is probably the name. When will we learn that January makes for unsatisfying wordplay?! We could instead go for No Meat November, Meatless March, or April Is The Cruelest Month (For The Meat Industry).

Wired: its like cleaning up citrus on a Florida freeway

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A UK Campaign Supporting a Vegan Diet in January Is Coming to the U.S. - Eater

Andre Drummond: The Real-Life Diet of the Detroit Pistons Center Whose Offseason Routine Featured a Beer a Day – GQ

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:45 am

Andre Drummond is a lot of man: 610 and 279 pounds, to be more precise. Those measurements guarantee that the 26-year-old Detroit Pistons center isnt going to blend in with the masses while walking down the street, playing Top Golf, or bowling (the latter two are some of his favorite off-the-court activities), but hes mostly cool with that. Case and point: His Today With Dre series on Overtime, in which he allowed cameras to document the full extent of his comings and goings, including his musical-minded pursuits. The series shows hes a defensive menace whos just as unfazed by an incoming dunk attempt as he is the prospect of spitting bars at a venue. My music is a little bit of everythingR&B, hip-hop, EDM, he says. I have a bunch of songs that Ill get out sooner or later.

Like his Overtime series, Drummonds admitted beer-a-day habit has also piqued the Internets interest of late. But I wanted to find out what really gives him his pre-game fuel, so we chatted prior to him catching a flight to Chicago. Given Drummonds stature, you wouldnt be off-base assuming he eats enough to feed a family of four at every meal. As it turns out, however, the current league-leader in rebounds is only swallowing up boards at a proficient rate.

GQ: Youve been in the NBA for eight seasons now. Whats the best piece of advice youve been given about staying healthy since you started?

Andre Drummond: Its all about icing, stretching, the things you eat, the time you go to sleep, and the pregame preparation. I like to eat a lot of fruit and starchy things to give myself more energy before games. But its the off-the-court things, like how Im taking care of my body, that are most important.

What time do you usually get up in the morning?

Im up around 8 or 8:30. But if were talking about the morning after a game, then Im up much later, like 12ish. I try to get eight or nine hours of sleep a night, and if I dont, Ill make sure to take a nap.

Whats your breakfast routine?

I work directly with my personal chef on my breakfast and making sure I have enough fats and proteins to perform without overindulging. In the morning, Ill drink some water, and then its usually an omelet with some potatoes and veggies. Ill go for any vegetables except zucchini, really. I hate that stuff. Ive also cut out red meat and processed foods, which means that I dont eat steak or anything crazy like that. I feel a lot better since Ive done that. My diet is now a lot of fish and leafy green vegetables, except I dont like tilapia.

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Andre Drummond: The Real-Life Diet of the Detroit Pistons Center Whose Offseason Routine Featured a Beer a Day - GQ

Intermittent Fasting: Does it really work? – WTHR

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:45 am

FISHERS, Ind. (WTHR) With just a couple weeks left in 2019, have you started thinking about your New Year's Resolutions? Every year, one of the top resolutions is losing weight!

With that being said, you'll probably start seeing the words "intermittent fasting" or "time-restricted feeding" more often. In recent years, it's really taken off as a successful way for people to lose weight. More research still needs to be done, but some recent studies have shown intermittent fasting has other health benefits as well.

Typically, for intermittent fasting, you eat all of your meals in an eight to 10-hour window, which means you don't eat anything for 14 to 16 hours. During the fast, you can drink water, coffee and other non-caloric beverages. Since your body ends up not having anymore food to burn, it turns to your fat and burns through that for energy.

Jodi Krauss, a mother of two boys, says when she sticks to eating in an eight-hour window, she loses one to two pounds a week.

"I have definitely seen a change in my body," said Krauss. "I'm a lot stronger. I'm not really that hungry in that fasting window because you can still eat what you want to eat. Take that with a grain of salt because I still eat a lot of whole foods. I don't have a ton of carbs. I get most of my carbs from vegetables, so I eat a high fat, low carb meal plan."

Besides weight loss, studies have revealed some other health benefits. Intermittent fasting has been effective in reducing inflammation and blood pressure, improving blood cholesterol and helping with insulin sensitivity, which is why it might be beneficial for someone that's pre-diabetic.

IU Health Dietitian Garrett Swisher thinks it's a great tool for people who have trouble sticking to a traditional diet or who can't help but snack late at night. Krauss agrees.

"I don't feel hungry," said Krauss. "It's more of a mind game mental approach. I'm a huge desserts person, and I love to have a late-night snack of ice cream. I know that if I'm in my fasting window, and it ends at 7, I don't need ice cream at 9 at night. So that helps me to have control to know that I'm just not going to have it or if I do decide to have it, which I can on this plan, I will just push my fasting window back and start later the next day."

Swisher says the only down side he sees is intermittent fasting can lead to bad eating habits such as binge eating.

There are now apps out there that help with eating control when it comes to intermittent fasting. Some of the most popular ones are called Zero, Fastient and Life.

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Intermittent Fasting: Does it really work? - WTHR

Simple ways to fight water retention just by tweaking diet – Times of India

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:45 am

You must have experienced swelling or puffiness around eyes, face, hands or feet. However, in our day-to-day life we often ignore this health issue. This excess fluid build up inside the body is known as water retention or edema.This fluid retention usually occurs in the circulatory system or within tissues and cavities.

There are various reasons that can lead to this health condition. Many women experience water retention during periods or pregnancy. Another common reason why people experience this condition is due to low activity level or bedridden conditions. However, this water retention can be an indicator of an underlying disease such as kidney disease or heart failure. Thus, ignoring this health condition is not at all a good idea. Well, here are a few ways you can reduce water retention from the body by tweaking your diet at the same time going for a proper medical guidance is equally important.

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Simple ways to fight water retention just by tweaking diet - Times of India

Diets of fathers can affect future health of offspring, study finds – The Irish Times

Posted: December 13, 2019 at 6:45 am

A fathers diet can have a significant effect on the future health of his offspring, affecting everything from blood pressure to heart function and putting them at greater risk of cardiovascular disease, according to research.

The lead author of a British study says the findings show that men who want to start a family should have a healthy, balanced diet from at least three months before conception.

A study from researchers at the University of Nottingham published in the Journal of Physiology shows that poor paternal diet, specifically one that is low in protein, may impact the heart health of the offspring by changing sperm, and the seminal fluid, which bathes sperm.

We have known for a very long time that what a mother eats during pregnancy can influence how her child develops, and whether or not it will develop obesity, type two diabetes and heart disease, explains senior author of the study, and lead researcher, Prof Adam Watkins, assistant professor in reproductive biology at the universitys faculty of medicine and health sciences. However, the importance of the fathers diet on the health of the offspring has been largely ignored or overlooked. We were interested in investigating whether a fathers poor-quality diet at the time of conception might affect the long-term health of its offspring.

Researchers carried out their study on male mice on a poor, low-protein diet, monitoring the cardiovascular health of their offspring. The way mice produce sperm, the way the embryo develops, the way the foetus develops and the way a mouses blood and heart function are all very similar to humans. This means we can use mice to identify important biological processes which we can then look at in human patients.

What his research found, he reports, was both that the way the mices blood vessels worked, and the level of certain important factors in their blood, which regulate heart and blood vessel function, were significantly altered in response to the poor diet of the father: The blood vessels in the offspring did not work as well as they should do. This can ultimately affect blood pressure.

The normal proteins in the blood which would regulate blood vessels and heart function were altered, says Prof Watkins, adding that essentially what this meant was that the young mice were at increased risk of developing cardiovascular ill-health or heart disease.

We know that a poor lifestyle in men does have negative influences on sperm quality and that being overweight or smoking, or consuming excessive alcohol is not good for reproductive health. What we dont know yet is what the long-term implications of a fathers poor diet or lifestyle might be, he says.

We know that the sperm provides genetic information from a father to the egg it fertilises, and we know that poor diet in males can change that. We also know that the seminal fluid in which sperm is carried, interacts with the uterus and initiates a range of responses in the maternal immune system. These responses prime the uterus for the embryo.

We know that the sperm provides genetic information and that the seminal fluid primes the uterus for the embryo, so here are two possible ways that a fathers diet could influence how the offspring might develop.

Essentially, Prof Watkins explains, the Nottingham research shows that the health of mice offspring is influenced by sperm and fluid and that both of them have an equal influence on offspring health.

However, he says, while the research has to date only been carried out on mice, it has significant implications for human fertility in fact the researchers hope to run clinical trials on humans within the next two or three years.

We know that it can take about 75 days to make a sperm, and that seminal fluid is reproduced every 24-48 hours, says Prof Watkins.

If a man goes on a crash diet a week before getting his partner pregnant, he explains, the sperm will continue to reflect the old, poor quality diet,while the seminal fluid will reflect the newer, better-quality diet.

Therefore there may be a situation where the sperm and the fluid are not compatible to each other, so we are saying that if the sperm and the fluid are different, we see the biggest effect on offspring health.

The potential message is this, he warns: If men and women are thinking about changing their lifestyle and becoming parents, we would say that ideally they begin the changes three months before trying to start a family. That is an ideal time frame to change over from a poor diet and lifestyle to a healthier one in terms of its implications for the mans reproductive health.

The Nottingham research findings have interesting implications for what we know about the role of seminal fluid and sperm DNA fragmentation (a term used for the presence of abnormal genetic material within the sperm, which may lead to male subfertility, in-vitro fertilisation failure and miscarriage) believes Dr Bart Kuczera, consultant gynaecologist and fertility expert at Beacon Care Fertility:

What we know is that men with a poor lifestyle in terms of diet, smoking and drinking can have a condition called sperm DNA fragmentation.

Men are advised to live a healthy lifestyle in order to keep their sperm in the best condition, because, he explains: Sperm DNA fragmentation can be affected by poor diet, stress and overeating, for example. This study would make the case for a good diet and lifestyle for men; that is, a normal balanced protein diet.

Sperm quality of men in the western world, he warned, has been shown to have deteriorated in the last 40 years: We believe this is very linked to lifestyle and the environment, to the sedentary lifestyle and a poor diet which reaches the recommended carbohydrate level but would not include a diversity of food.

In the greater picture you could potentially have a population of children who would be affected in terms of physical health problems and weight gain as a result of the paternal diet at conception. It is important to spread the responsibility between the man and the woman at the time of conception, he says, adding that this study suggests that the father may have an equally significant impact on his offsprings health problems.

This study has implications for our knowledge about diet and lifestyle in terms of fertility and men should be made aware of it, believes Dr Hans Arce, fertility consultant and medical director of ReproMed, a leading Irish fertility and IVF clinic network. The majority of our knowledge in relation to diet and lifestyle in terms of fertility comes because we studied women. Women were the ones who got pregnant and they were the focus. We saw, for example, that women with obesity had children with a higher risk of obesity and diabetes.

However this study showed the offspring of male mice with poor diets ended up having the expression of inflammation, and more of a tendency to high blood pressure, for example.

Men should be made aware of this. Its something the schools, the public health service and the GP should be telling men about that our diets can affect their future childrens health. Studies like these have implication for human beings, he says, adding that the results point in the direction of the fact that the health of a man may have implications for the health of his offspring.

What this study says, he observes, is that a mans diet will not just affect his own health, but potentially has implications for the health of his offspring: We dont have proper human studies yet this is mice but it is pointing in that direction!

Lifestyle is the single biggest issue when it comes to fertility, believes consultant nutritionist Gaye Godkin.

Godkin believes the University of Nottingham study is a further endorsement of what she says, is the role of epigenetics in health outcomes from pre-conception health across the life course.

There is a growing body of evidence showing just how much the fathers diet impacts on the pre-conception phase, in terms of its impact on sperm and seminal fluid and from there on to the long-term health of his offspring.

Epigenetics, she explains, is the environment in which the sperm lives prior to penetrating the egg. Sperm is produced around every 75 days or so but new seminal fluid is produced every 24 to 48 hours.

If the man has a long-term poor diet, it will affect his sperm, she says, adding however, that a man can have healthy sperm, while at the same time his seminal fluid could be of much lower quality because of a poor diet just before conception.

Normal sperm carries DNA. A poor diet has a negative effect on the DNA and the DNA enzymes which in turn are crucial to the formation of a healthy foetus.

In fertility clinics, they measure the level of a condition called DNA fragmentation in the male sperm. This test shows the quality of the sperm. For years I have worked with men who have high levels of DNA fragmentation in their sperm. I believe that it is strongly linked to diet, as well as to lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, excess weight and the effect of pesticides.

While the Nottingham study was based on a mouse model, she says, its findings were moving in the right direction in terms of our understanding of the volatility of sperm quality and what affects it, as well as its relationship with the internal environment of the male body.

While there is no medical treatment available for DNA fragmentation, says Godkin, she has found that 90 days on a good-quality diet which also features a reversal of poor lifestyle factors can lead to fragmentation levels being significantly reduced to the extent that a couple are in a position to use their own sperm to achieve conception.

See more here:
Diets of fathers can affect future health of offspring, study finds - The Irish Times


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