While Mattsonhas worked on some keto projects, research suggests that the percentage of people following a strict keto diet such that they are in a state of ketosis (burning stored fat, not carbs), is relatively small (single digits), such that many CPG companies are therefore looking to reach a more nebulous, but broader audience of people keeping their eye on carbs, said Al Banisch, EVP new products strategy.

I think keto will stick for a while, although I think the vast majority of the people on keto diets aren't really on keto diets [they are not in a constant state of ketosis], he speculated.

I think it's the latest incarnation of low carb. We did a quantitative consumer study and in terms of what was important to consumers about the keto diet, it was all about reducing carbs. And in fact, the more protein the better.

So, they were certainly not putting themselves into ketosis. They were simply feeling they're getting the protein they want, and feeling good about the fat, but almost none had macro goals like getting exactly 75% of their calories from fat and so on.

Mattson president and chief innovation officer Barb Stuckey added: People will use keto as a tool for quick weight loss, but the reason I think it's not going to be around forever is it's just really hard to sustain unless you have a condition that you are trying to manage [through the keto diet, such as epileptic seizures].

Lisa Pitka, senior food technologist, added:Some of our clients are very much about being keto and being certified and following really strict guidelines, but the vast majority I would say of the products on the market are really appealing to the keto friendly consumer.

This of course is potentially a somewhat problematic or at least ill-defined term (ketogenic.com has a keto-friendly certificationthat attempts to define it, but some brands are using keto or keto-friendly as a kind of generic proxy for low sugar, which is not helpful if youre a strict follower of a ketogenic diet), noted Stuckey.

On a more practical note for CPG companies already struggling with margins given soaring inflation, meanwhile, formulating products for strict keto dieters can be pricey, she observed.

When you take the carbs out of a product, you're taking out the wheat and the corn and the soy, all of a sudden, you've got to figure out how to make a profit. Youve got all that protein and in some cases expensive fats like avocado and coconut, and you've got cost of goods issue.

Formulating keto products can also present some unexpected sensory challenges if you dont know what youre doing, she added, highlightingthe example of certain plant proteins and coconut fat, not always a winning combination.

Weve had issues with MCT oils being not very stable, and if you dont formulate properly with them, you can get some of the most horrific flavors youve ever had in your life,I mean vomit inducing, just really, really bad.

That said, the keto formulators toolbox is expanding as firms explore more different types of dietary fibers to meet macro goals (you calculate net carbs by subtracting grams of fiber from total carbs), said Pitka.

There are more options now beyond just using oligosaccharides, so youve got resistant starchesand so on [which resist digestion and dont spike blood sugar].

Dr Shelley Balanko, SVP business development at Hartman Group,said its research suggested very specific diet trends (keto, paleo) tend to have a shorter lifespan, but that key tenets of both of these diets - a focus on high-quality fats (even if not everyone agrees on what this means), attempting to reduce carbs and sugar, and persistent interest in protein - all have staying power.

The tendency these days, she added, is for consumers to pick and choose aspects of different diets or approaches that reflect their values or fit with their lifestyle.

They take kind of a pragmatic mashup approach.

Regardless of your views on the merits of following a keto diet for a sustained period of time, she said, the fact that maintaining ketosis is so challenging means its unlikely to gain significant traction among consumers. And so for that reason alone, I see keto as more fad like.

Another aspect of keto that makes it challenging for more health and wellness focused consumers looking for clean, fresh, real, less processed foods, is that many packaged foods formulated to meet certain macros are by their very nature pretty highly engineered," she said.

That said, as weve seen to some extent with gluten-free formulations, she observed, second generation products have attempted to address concerns raised by the first wave of products by focusing more on nutrition, taste, and cleaner labels.

The same evolution may also happen with plant-based products, she said, where right now, consumers are prepared to buy more 'processed' products with long unpronounceable ingredients lists because they believe they are making a more ethical or sustainable choice.

Not all carbs are the enemy...

"Some of the newer 'diets' advocate for the reduction of carbs as a whole...but we don't believe that's the best path to having a long term, healthy relationship with food," says Mark Samuel, founder and CEO at protein-fueled organic snack brand IWON Organics.

"It's true, not all carbs are made equal. There are good carbs: such as the ones from vegetables and fruit, even some grains, and there are bad carbs: think processed sugars from processed foods."

Highly restrictive diets don't teach and instill long term, healthy eating habits

The keto diet, like most diets, predicted Samuel, is likely effective for short-term weight loss.

"Do some diets work? Sure. Any restrictive diet will result in someone losing a few lbs. Oftennot even exercise is required. But it's short lived. Restrictions don't teach and instill long term, healthy eating habits. Habits we can all live with, forever, and feel good doing it.

"Diets don't lean into what's fact; that healthy proteins, fats and carbohydrates are good for us. They fuel our body, so long as we're eating foods rich in nutrients, and there's plenty to choose from. It's leaning into those habits that create a lifestyle, a lifestylebuilt on health. Then, add some exercise, a bit of sun, plenty of water, and good rest each night, and we'll have changed the world, one healthy individual at a time."

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Keto in focus, part four: 'It's the latest incarnation of low carb' - FoodNavigator-USA.com

Living with colon cancer can cause anyone to take a step back and rethink their diet. According to Cancer Treatment Centers of America, those who receive active treatment for the disease have to eat based on the side effects of chemotherapy, which include nausea, diarrhea, or loss of appetite. Many patients have to particularly work hard in order to stay hydrated, well-fed, and fully nourished.

Colon cancer proves particularly difficult due to the fact that the intestine absorbs fluids and electrolytes. If the organ needs to be partially surgically removed, the individual may have a much harder time absorbing the proper nutrition.

Luckily, experts have worked with patients over the years to develop the best eating plans that provide the right kinds of nutrients needed for those living with this kind of cancer. We consulted a variety of registered dietitians in order to discover what eating habits anyone who lives with colon cancer should follow to stay as healthy as possible.

Those who are at risk for the disease should check out the Surprising Foods May Lower Your Colorectal Cancer Risk and adjust their diet accordingly.

In order to glean as much nutrition out of one's diet as possible, those who live with colon cancer should make sure to load up on berries.

"Some of the best foods for cancer are richly colored berries," says Morgyn Clair, MS, RDN at Fit Healthy Momma. "This is due to their high antioxidant content which can help combat free radicals. Free radicals are the compounds that attack healthy cells, allowing cancerous tumors to grow."

If you want to supercharge your berry game, make sure to enjoy The #1 Best Fruit for Your Heart, Say Dietitians

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Anyone undergoing chemotherapy for colon cancer should try to eat more protein on a regular basis.6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e

"Protein-rich foods are also essential when going through treatment," Clair continues. "Protein is important for helping repair and build new tissue. It is also vital for a healthy immune system. Lean proteins are best such as eggs, fish, nuts, and poultry."

The idea of eating more of anything might prove particularly tough to stomach when you don't have an appetite, but the right portions can make all the difference.

"Smaller, more frequent meals can help provide the body with adequate nutrition throughout the day," says Amy Goodson, MS, RD, CSSD, LD, author ofThe Sports Nutrition Playbook,and a member of ourmedical expert board. "For those people that might experience nausea or might have some GI discomfort, smaller meals may be easier to digest with less GI discomfort."

Eating smaller meals has a ton of benefits, and if you need a strategy in order to make this eating style work, check out 18 Easy Ways to Control Your Portion Sizes.

Even when food sounds less than desirable, you can still guarantee you receive the right amount of nutrients thanks to one particular drink.

"If you have a decreased appetite, fueling your body with nutrient-rich smoothies may be a great option," Goodson continues. "Consider blending fruit, spinach, milk, Greek yogurt, and even nut butter to help provide the body with quality nutrition when you don't feel hungry."

If you like smoothies, but don't know where to start, take some inspiration from The #1 Best Smoothie to Drink.

Specifically seeking out more nutrients than normal can also do wonders for those living with colon cancer.

"Nutrient-rich foods like fruits, veggies, 100% whole grains, healthy fats, and high-quality proteins provide the body with the vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and plant compounds it needs to help keep the immune system strong and fight off illness," says Goodson.

Eating vegetables always comes as a good decision and those living with colon cancer should particularly seek out more produce.

"The American Institute for Cancer Research states the best way to prevent cancer through dietary means is by eating cancer-protective nutrients like fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients," says Trista Best, RD at Balance One Supplements. "These nutrients are found in vegetables, fruit, beans, grains, nuts, and seeds. A plant-based diet increases all of these food sources in a significant way while also reducing foods that can increase cancer risks. This doesn't necessarily mean cutting out all animal foods and becoming a strict vegan, but making plants more of a staple in your diet."

"Make half your plate colorful fruits and vegetables," says medical board expert Dr. Lisa Young, PhD, RDN, author of Finally Full, Finally Slim. "While there is no one magical winner, the key is to vary your colors. Each color family of produce contains different nutrients that support immune health. Orange produce like carrots, sweet potato, and cantaloupe are rich in the antioxidant beta carotene."

Eating the right kinds of dairy can also ensure those with colon cancer receive the proper amount of nutrition in their daily diet.

"Include minimally processed dairy foods rich in calcium and vitamin D," Dr. Young continues. "Plain Greek yogurt is excellent as it also is a probiotic which supports immune health."

Colon cancer particularly throws a wrench in anyone's typical diet, but with a bit of planning, those who live with the disease can gain the right amount of nutrients that they need in order to thrive.

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8 Best Eating Habits If You Have Colon Cancer, Say Dietitians Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

Justin Medeiros is the current Fittest Man on Earth and the winner of last years CrossFit Games, which was only his second appearance at the sports annual flagship competition.

Over the course of the weekend, Medeiros showed a similar consistency as the previous Fittest Man on Earth, Mat Fraser. Of the 15 events, Medeiros finished outside the top 10 only twice, which allowed him to edge out veterans of the sport, like Pat Vellner, Brent Fikowski, and Noah Ohlsen.

This year, the former wrestler and football player is on track to do it all again. He placed third in the Open, the online, worldwide competition that serves as the first stage of the CrossFit season, and he won the next stage, the Quarterfinals. If he can maintain that dominance through the Semifinals in May, hell be back at the Games in August and a likely favorite to win again.

So, we sat down with the 23-year-old, whos currently training out of Vancouver, Washington, to discuss lifting, nutrition, motivation, and how to choose what to improve on in a sport that encompasses nearly everything.

Every training days different. Throughout the whole week, we try to touch on all of our bases, so we normally have two track sessions and machine work every day (the rower, the Rogue Echo bike, the C2 bike, and the ski erg). Each day, trainings broken up into two sessions, one in the morning and one at night. They can range anywhere from two to three and a half hours. I start off with strength and then do METCONs, that machine work, and maybe some accessory work.

As the season goes on, thats when you start ramping up the volume because youve got to be able to handle multiple workouts in a day, like at Semifinals, or even 15 workouts in a weekend, like at the Games.

Consistency is the biggest thing. You get people that hit it hard one week and then fall off the next week and then try to hop back on the wagon the week after. Its all over the place. From the beginner level all the way to the elite level, the body loves having consistency and repetition. So find two or three days a week and make sure that you get into the gym and make progress that way.

Courtesy of Justin Medeiros

I think that there's always those days where you feel so good and give it 100%, but all of us, especially me, have those days where you go in and you don't have that kind of juice in the tank. And those are the days when youre going to get better and push through by working on your mental discipline.

That being said, even though Im not training every day, I am active. And on those active recovery days, I want to do something that's obviously low impact on the body and kind of fun, right? So Ill go on walks or go for a jog or a hike. Or Ill go to the park and throw the football or frisbee with friends, or try to incorporate things like swimming and biking, anything to make sure I'm going out and moving around and getting fresh air.

A huge part of this sport is training your weaknesses, but that isnt always the most fun thing to do every day. So, sometimes, if I want to go in and have some fun, Ill give myself a home run workout and program everything Im good at so my friends see how fit I am.

I think that having a good time while you train is huge, especially because that's what's awesome about CrossFit you get to go in every day and do it with a group of friends. You have that community that you do these workouts with to help you hold yourself accountable.

I've trained by myself the past couple years. I mean, obviously there are other people at the gym, but Im the only one who is doing my training. Going into this new season, I really want to have a training partner that I can do the sessions with so its not just me whos going through these workouts. Theres some conjoined suffering, and I have someone to pull me along.

Courtesy of Justin Medeiros

Im training six hours a day, so Im never going to overeat. Im always in a caloric deficit, so Im eating as much as I possibly can. I try and make sure theyre well balanced, but I dont follow anything too strict.

Again, consistency is huge, and you have to adjust your diet based on your level of activity.

I just did a seminar with Chris Hinshaw, and he was saying that, in a training cycle, you should identify three different movements that you're trying to improve. One of those is the primary movement, which you should focus on 50%, and then you choose two secondary movements, and you give 25% of your focus to each. Other than that, its kind of hard to focus on too many more.

Thats a secret. Im not going to tell everybody what Im doing bad, but Ive got lots of stuff to work on, especially running and higher-level gymnastics.

When I'm practicing doing muscle-ups, that doesn't mean that I'm going to program a workout that has a bunch of muscle-ups in it and try to work on it there. I have a separate piece of training where the goal for this work out specifically is to practice my technique. I wont refuse to do muscle-ups at all because my technique isnt perfect. It just means that I need to also dedicate some time to practice that technique. In CrossFit, youre doing everything for time, so going as quick as possible, and its easy to let your technique suffer.

We have so many different types of movements, and theres a lot of people that come into the sport and are already really good athletes. They can muscle their way through things, but thats not always the most efficient way and often leads to injuries. So every time I'm learning something new or doing something different, I just always make sure that my technique comes first because you don't want your strengths to limit what you can do.

Having a good coach is obviously one way, but also set up a camera and film yourself, especially on the more technical movements. I just remember filming myself doing muscle-ups and going and looking at footage of the CrossFit Games and watching Mat Fraser and Rich Froning. Id put the videos side-by-side and see what I was doing differently than them. There are so many videos out there online. Look up Olympic weightlifters doing snatches and clean and jerks, slow them down to super slow motion, and notice things that you didnt see.

Re-evaluate what you did last season and pick one or two things to improve on. Confidence comes in preparation, so when the next season rolls around, you want to know that youve done all you can to get better.

The more I competed, the more I thought that the nerves would go away. They havent. When doubt creeps into your mind, when youre scared you wont perform, thats when you have to remember all that you did to prepare.

Courtesy of Justin Medeiros

The night-time routine is huge for me. About an hour before bed, I try to wind down and make that routine as consistent as possible. I have an app called GOWOD, and you can pick a routine thats 9, 15, or 20 minutes. That helps you stretch the muscles that are tight. Right when I finish that, I take cbdMD, which has melatonin and a few other things to help you calm down and relax. Im also a hot sleeper, so I use a mattress that I can adjust to keep cool. Combining those three things every night has been huge for me because sleep is the biggest thing that helps me.

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CrossFit Games Winner Justin Medeiros Shares Diet and Workout Advice - Men's Health

Chanel West Coast is one of the many stars who used the Coachella music festival as their swimwear runway. The rapper flaunted her fabulous figure in a retro print swimsuit at the Revolve Festival during the annual gathering in Indio, California. "All the vibez," she captioned a series of snaps, highlighting her curves. How does the 33-year-old keep herself so fit? Read on to see 6 ways Chanel West Coast stays in shape and the photos that prove they workand to get beach-ready yourself, don't miss these essential 30 Best-Ever Celebrity Bathing Suit Photos!

Chanel revealed her stay-fit theory to HollywoodLife: Focus more on exercise than diet. "You need to work out! I mean a lot of people like to start themselves on cute diets but the truth is you can really eat whatever you want as long as you workout on a daily basis. I try to eat healthy but since I work out I still enjoy a large pizza by myself! But In & Out burgers and all those things, you can have those as long as you workout," she said.df44d9eab23ea271ddde7545ae2c09ec

Chanel knows her body and focuses on the areas she wants to change. In this YouTube video of one of her workouts, she revealed how she keeps her arms toned. "That is a big problem area for me," she said before executing a minute of push-ups using floor hooks, squats with a cross punch with dumbbells, dumbbell curls, and dumbbell iron crosses.

Chanel revealed to Flaunt magazine that she prefers working out at home. "Well I have a trainer," she started. "During the pandemic, I got really into working out on my own. Figuring out all of my own workouts. I have a mini Barbie looking gym in my garage, it's really cute. The cuter the gym is, the cuter your workout clothes are, you get more 'oh, I'm trying to look cute and do this.' I know a lot of good home workouts, I posted a couple of workout videos on my YouTube."

How often does Chanel work out? "As much as I can," she told Flaunt. "I film a lot so on average, I workout 3 days a week. That's a good amount to stay in shape. If I wanted to be a real fitness person and get really into it, I'd work out every single day. But I don't have the time for that."

Like many people Chanel's mental health was impacted during the pandemic. "At some point during the pandemic, I might've been going crazy. It was all the time I spent at home, people sending me conspiracy stuff. People made me feel like I was going insane," she told Flaunt. "Meditation has changed my life honestly," she said. "Meditation is key. Everyone needs to meditate, set aside time to mentally decompress."

Chanel does more cardio than anything else. "I wouldn't say any workout is bad or I hate it but for women focus on your cardio, because if you do too much weights and you are a woman then you are going to bulk up a little bit you know," she told HollywoodLife.

Continued here:
Chanel West Coast in Bathing Suit Feels "All the Vibez" Celebwell - Celebwell

Lindsay M. McCoy| Capital News Service

Lansing Dangerous metals such as arsenic and mercury have been found in wild rice beds located on the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community reservation and surrounding areas, according to research from Michigan Technological Universityscientists and their associates.

The contamination is a toxic legacy of copper mining in the western Upper Peninsula.

Samples of sediment, water and rice were taken from LAnse Bay, located on the reservation, and Lake Plumbago, a nearby inland lake in Baraga County.

According to the study, published in the journal Applied Sciences, the uptake of toxic metals by aquatic plants and algae poses a major risk to ecological and human health.

Wild rice, known as manoomin in the Ojibwe language, is a semi-aquatic wetlands grass that is abundant in the Great Lakes region and is an important food source for the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community as well as wildlife and migratory waterfowl. It is also considered a sacred plant to the Anishinaabe tribes in Michigan.

Beyond the cultural significance of wild rice, its an important part of the food web in the area, said Scott Herron, a biology professor at Ferris State University.

All the other parts of the ecosystem depend upon the calories, energy and, thus, food that wild rice provides to insects, birds, waterfowl, fish and later to their predators, Herron said.

Heavy metals migrate to the grain of the rice and can be consumed by the species ingesting it, Herron said.

Arsenic was found to have the highest presence in wild rice seed samples from both locations, the study said.

Exposure to arsenic through diet can result in a higher risk of cancer, as well as liver and kidney disorders, according to the study.

Erin Johnston, a wildlife biologist with the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, said that, fortunately, wild rice in the two test areas has not been ready yet to harvest for human consumption since efforts began to restore it there.

The study attributed the contamination to the dumping of millions of tons of stamp sand from mining operations into the lakes during the copper boom of the early 1900s. Stamp sand is coarse sandlike material resulting from the waste created by the mining industry.

There are a lot of areas throughout this region that are still dealing with legacy mining, said Johnston. There were no environmental regulations at that time to hold anyone accountable for the negative environmental impacts.

They would take out the portion of the ore they could use, in this case copper, and everything else was considered waste rock and crushed really finely, she said.

High levels of heavy metals such as copper, aluminum and others were found in the wild rice tested by the researchers.

For decades, the tribe has been studying this area to better understand the stamp sands, how theyre moving along the shore and other potential impacts theyre having on the landscape, said Johnston.

In 2006, the tribe worked to put down a 6-inch to 10-inch soil cap in an attempt to keep the stamp sands from moving along the LAnse Bay lakeshore.

We continue to battle every year the issue of the stamp sand moving because its located next to Lake Superior and you cant control the weather, said Johnston.

Researchers say it is the first such study on an inland lake where wild rice restoration is underway.

Johnston said there was some earlier indication that 19-acre Lake Plumbago had elevated levels of heavy metals, but not to the extent found in the new research.

Of course, that is, you know, concerning and something we definitely need to look into further, she said.

Roger LaBine of Trout Creek has had a lifelong relationship with wild rice, whether it was working to harvest it back in 1972 or to restore it to the U.P. today.

I harvested with my family, my grandparents and my uncle, he said. But we had to go to northern Wisconsin to harvest wild rice because the bed on our traditional waters, and where our village was, was destroyed.

LaBine is a member of the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, whose reservation is in Gogebic County, about an hour south of the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community reservation.

LaBine said wild rice is so important to the tribes in the region,the Ojibwe, Potawatomi and Odawa,because it was a staple in sustaining life in the area.

The Three Fires people believe this was a sacred gift sent by the Creator and placed in the Great Lakes Basin, he said.

This cultural significance is why tribes throughout the state are working to bring wild rice back to its natural habitats.

I would not want it to be a commercial crop because then you start getting into that GMO and hybrid rice, said LaBine.

It would be good to see wild rice like it was before colonization.

More:
Upper Peninsula tribes work to restore wild rice in areas contaminated by mining - Detroit News

How much do your actions as an individual matter when it comes to climate? The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change from the United Nations is the first time the group has tackled this thorny question head-on. It turns out some actions really do matter more than others, and the report makes clear that the wealthiest, who are also the worlds biggest polluters, are obliged to move first, fastest, and furthest in slashing carbon pollution.

In as little as a year, the IPCC says, rapid change in societal norms and infrastructure support can slash global end-use emissions meaning pollution from satisfying consumer use of buildings, transit, and food by 5 percent.

Still, it isnt always that simple. When I interviewed Felix Creutzig the lead coordinating author of a chapter in the report that tackled the question of individual and societal change I fell into a common trap by asking about lifestyle changes.

We talk about behavior and lifestyles, but it wasnt the main focus, Creutzig, one of hundreds of scientists who worked on the report, said over Skype from Berlin. And thats mostly because the space where we can make choices is limited and restricted by infrastructure and by political regulation. Yes, every choice is important, but it really depends on what kind of structure we are living in.

While there are clearly some individual choices that are more impactful than others one is focusing on transportation, like taking fewer long-haul flights and living car-free he said the report also bluntly characterizes individual behavioral changes as insufficient ... unless embedded in structural and cultural change.

In other words, a single person taking well-meaning steps to lessen their footprint doesnt change the fact that billions of people are living off fossil fuels. Its the default, and sometimes, its the only option. But there are things individuals can do at work and in their communities that will do more to push structural change.

To limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the world needs to aggressively cut emissions as soon as possible and slash them by half by 2030. Were nowhere near these numbers. Nor will the world get there by only following the messaging, pushed by the oil industry, of taking marginal steps to tackle our own carbon footprints without thinking more structurally about the reasons so many are still tethered to fossil fuels.

So the bottom line of the IPCCs first look at individual action is this: By reexamining the way we live, move around, and eat, the world has the potential to slash up to 70 percent of end-use emissions by 2050. Change is even possible in the very short term. And while hard data and peer-reviewed science show individual actions do matter, ultimately, the world has to think beyond the individual carbon footprint in addressing the climate crisis, including thinking about how individuals can bring about structural change.

Just as richer countries have accounted for the most cumulative pollution since the 1850s (the United States being No. 1), theres robust evidence that richer individuals also contribute a disproportionate amount to greenhouse gas emissions. According to the IPCC, the bottom 50 percent of households account for less than 15 percent of global pollution, while the top 10 percent of households in the world are responsible for up to 45 percent of global greenhouse pollution.

The top 10 percent is a broad category that includes more than the jet-fliers and yacht-owners. According to the IPCC, the top 10 percent includes households that spend more than $23 (in US dollars, compared using a metric called purchasing power parity) per person a day. The bottom 50 percent spend less than $3 per person per day.

If you fall in that top 10 percent category and there is a good chance that if you live in the United States, you do then one action you can take is to limit consumption, especially of travel, food, and energy. To those of us who are in that privileged category, we have a huge responsibility to respond and to do all that we can to immediately solve this problem, Creutzig said.

Generally, the biggest contributor to this pollution is the way the wealthiest get around. This isnt just for those flying private jets or owning a yacht. The top 10 percent of households have plenty of other potential for slashing emissions.

Taking one fewer long-haul flight per year, for instance, can have the biggest effect, and so does ditching ones car. For many people, living car-free is impossible, but reducing car usage by telecommuting more, taking public transit, and walking and cycling can help, along with getting an electric vehicle. There are also other reasonable options, including using air conditioning less, shifting to a mostly plant-based diet, and reducing food waste.

To be clear, were not going to hit climate pollution benchmarks on the timeline thats needed by hoping people take one fewer flight a year. Its important to think much bigger than ones own life and habits to usher in the kind of social and behavioral change thats necessary. And thats where the IPCC takes a closer look at the other policies and actions that can make the biggest difference.

Discussion around how to address climate change tends to exist in polar opposites. You can find guides across the internet on how to reduce your carbon footprint and then find thousands of articles, many of them at Vox, on the political change needed to usher in a clean energy transition.

But it turns out there isnt such a hard-line distinction on where individual action ends, because even individual actions can have network effects. In between, there are schools, counties, cities, professions, and peer groups that can push for climate action. The IPCC calls these middle actors.

Professionals have a lot of potential to do more. Some examples include building managers, landlords, technicians, car dealers, and city planners, each of whom can bring about change in a number of different directions (as can journalists). In these kind of professions people can make a difference by organizing their job differently, Creutzig said.

For example, many of these professions have formal standards or informal networks where they can form new norms that prioritize climate change. Architects choices can mean the difference between new buildings reliant on heat pumps or gas-powered appliances. Landlords can help ensure that rentals are energy-efficient, keep appliances well maintained, and adopt clean energy use, all while decreasing energy costs for the building. City planners can make roads safer to bike and walk, and discourage road traffic, all through smart design. Investors can influence clean energy and fossil fuel investments in the private sector.

The pandemic has supported that rapid collective change in behavior is possible. Global travel fell dramatically in 2020, even for the most frequent fliers who take business trips throughout the year, and workday commutes shortened or disappeared for millions.

The IPCC isnt arguing that global governments should reengineer the dramatic shutdowns of the early pandemic that brought travel to a standstill. But the science body noted that the pandemic is proof that broad, structural behavioral change can and does happen.

Policy plays a big role in nudging people into making more climate-friendly decisions, basically making it as easy as possible to lessen ones footprint. The IPCC authors write that judicious labelling, framing, and communication of social norms can also increase the effect of mandates, subsidies, or taxes. Interventions that change the choice architecture so people have an easier time taking the cleaner option include: default enrollment in green programs, increasing taxes on carbon-intensive products, and substantially tightening regulations and standards.

Lets take food as an example. In a school cafeteria or restaurant, the way a menu or choices are presented can make a difference in how people decide what to eat. Because of a psychological effect called priming, whatever you see first can guide your decision. So a beef steak getting prominent placement on a menu tends to prime people to choosing the meat-heavy option over the vegan dish. The same rule can work for supermarkets, nudging people to healthier choices and alternative meat products with prominent placement in the store.

Another example of a smart nudge could be using feedback to help reduce energy consumption. A meta-analysis of 122 studies published last year in Nature Energy compared the effect different interventions had on household energy use. Offering households a financial reward for energy efficiency had the biggest effect; after that, providing consumers with more information on their energy usage, and a benchmark to compare it to, also had a measurable medium-sized effect over the short-term period that most of these studies covered. These nudges could account for a little over 6 percent of annual global residential emissions, a relatively small effect, but one that adds up year after year.

The world wont hit its climate goals without policymakers speeding up the transition to clean energy, investing in large-scale projects, and ending fossil fuel subsidies. But the same holds true for behavioral change.

The number one takeaway from the IPCC is that to take action on climate change, you have to also direct your attention to changing the structures in which you operate.

IPCC vice chair Ko Barrett, a top scientist at NOAA, explained the importance of tackling the question of what individuals can do in inspiring greater change. I love the storyline about individuals, not because Im being Pollyanna-ish that that can solve the problem. But she thinks that, in looking at what people can do in their own lives and, more importantly, their communities, we actually magnify the value of our individual actions to a scale that matters in cities and towns. Thats the scale that we can really engage because people can see the broader impact of collective action.

Take one example of how individual action can have broader network effects: The IPCC report looks at what happens when a neighbor installs a rooftop solar panel. Sure, it reduces that households footprint, but it also makes it more likely for others in the neighborhood to adopt solar energy too, because of how it nudges social norms and expectations. The house with solar panels also serves as something like a role model for a new way we could all live.

Now think bigger than a solar panel: A person connects with others in their community to pass an ordinance that updates energy efficiency measures for the towns buildings. Thats organized collective action. Collective action as part of social or lifestyle movements underpins system change, the report says. The scientists nod to the climate strikes that have given voice to youth in more than 180 countries, which help build social trust and citizen-led networks.

These social movements have exploded as the first generation growing up with the harsher realities of climate change becomes a political force globally. Barrett recognizes that more and more, the readers of the science reports are not just policymakers at the national level. There are very many well-informed citizens on climate science now. Bringing more information that is immediately useful to them is really powerful.

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For Earth Day, look beyond solar panels and diets to combat climate change - Vox.com

TECUMSEH The Tecumseh City Council has approved a list of 18 roads that will be resurfaced this year with approximately 1.8 mills as part of the $2.5 million bond issue voters approved in November 2020.

Were continuing to utilize the citys millage fund that voters approved back in November of 2020. Obviously, we continue to complete that work and we will complete a number of local streets around the city this year, 18 different streets within the city, city manager Dan Swallow said, noting that the city has contracted with Gerken Paving of Toledo, which has an asphalt operation in Adrian for the work. Were continuing to rate the streets to make sure were addressing those that are in the worse condition first.

The city spent about $1 million on roads last year and is expected to spend about $800,000 this year. The payments on the bond issue go for five years. The roads on its project list this year are: Bramblewood, Partridge, Pitman, Red Maple, Chestnut, Hickory Ridge, Red Oak, Pontiac Trail, Nokomis, Bidwell, North Pearl, North Division, West Cummins, West Patterson, Spafford, Sutton, Blanchard and Murray.

In addition, the road diet on Chicago Boulevard running through town is expected to be completed by the Michigan Department of Transportation in mid-June at no cost to the city.

Of course, were working with MDOT, the Michigan Department of Transportation,on resurfacing Chicago Boulevard. As part of that, this year there will be a lane reduction on our road diet to improve pedestrian safety as well as to make on-street parking more accessible, Swallow said.

Currently,there is a mix between four and five lanes as Chicago Boulevard goes through downtown Tecumseh. After the road work is complete,there will be aconsistent three lanes comprised oftwo travel lanes, one in each direction, and a continuous left hand turn lane throughout the downtown area.

This will also allow us to provide a buffer between the travel lanes and the on-street parking. It will make it easier for people to park on Chicago Boulevard. Also, it will be striped as a bike lane so that those people who ride on the sidewalks of downtown, they have now a bike lane to get through the center of downtown, Swallow said. Speaking with MDOT it will be either mid-June or later depending on how their contracts work out and when the contractor schedules are finalized. That one is being completed by the Michigan Department of Transportation, so we do not have a cost for that. There is no cost directly to the city.

Swallow indicated that the city will be doing the bulk of its roadwork during the first three years of the millage. While the city has partnered with the Lenawee County Road Commission on projects in the past, it will not be this year.

The road commission is a separate agency. We have partnered on projects, but they are a completely separate entity with a separate funding source, Swallow said. We do partner with them from time to time on the borders of the city, but this year we dont have any joint projects.

Swallow said the voters havesupported funding local roads to make Tecumseh a great city in which to live, work and play.

We appreciate the additional funding that the voters of the city of Tecumseh have provided so that we can complete all of the road work that weve been able to do over the last few years, Swallow said.

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Tecumseh has list of 18 road projects, road diet to be completed this summer - The Daily Telegram

Paris Hilton, the entrepreneur, singer, model, socialite, DJ, actress, and more even makes her workouts fabulous. That was evident in a new swimsuit photo. "Find me at my happy place Happy#EarthDay! #ParisAroundTheWorld," she captioned it, with her location Tulum, Mexico. How does she stay so fit? Read on to see 5 ways Paris Hilton stays in shape and the photos that prove they workand to get beach-ready yourself, don't miss these essential 30 Best-Ever Celebrity Bathing Suit Photos!

Paris plays on the reputation she has of being a little materialistic to say the least. She's got a closet full of designer goods and even her workouts, at times, reflect that. When the gym shut down for quarantine, Paris posted videos of her working out by riding a bike around the inside of her house or lifting purses filled with weights. Granted, this obviously isn't a normal work out, but having a sense of humor can be good for your health. "A good laugh has great short-term effects. When you start to laugh, it doesn't just lighten your load mentally, it actually induces physical changes in your body. Laughter can:df44d9eab23ea271ddde7545ae2c09ec

Shockingly, she loved fast food. "I used to eat that way, but I decided to change things this year,' she said. 'Now I don't do that. There are times when I will stop at a Carl's Jr, but I will maybe get a turkey burger or something healthier instead of a cheeseburger and fries. I am more careful now."

Paris does resistant workouts through various exercises like lunges, seated curls, buck kickbacks, and more to work her upper and lower muscles. She also prioritizes aerobic activity that could include anything from jogging, and dancing to climbing and swimming. "Before you even hit the pavement or track, boost your confidence with the rightrunning shoes," says the Cleveland Clinic. "Your foot should fit snug in the heel, with a little wiggle room around your toes, says exercise physiologist Christopher Travers, MS.To guarantee the best fit, get a proper fitting at a specialty running store and wear your usual running socks when you go."

Green veggie packed smoothies? That's hot. "I like green smoothies, they taste good and they make me feel more energetic," she said. "I also like regular juices. I get a lot more vitamins these days, more fruits too, more vegetables, more protein, more salads."

Paris Hilton gets her tall, lean body from focusing on getting enough protein and balancing it out with healthy fats and fresh produce. She generally avoids high carb, high sugar foods like cakes, treats, chocolate, and bread. "If you want to follow a high-protein diet, choose your protein wisely. Good choices include soy protein, beans, nuts, fish, skinless poultry, lean beef, pork and low-fat dairy products. Avoid processed meats," says the Mayo Clinic. "The quality of the carbohydrates (carbs) you eat is important too. Cut processed carbs from your diet, and choose carbs that are high in fiber and nutrient-dense, such as whole grains and vegetables and fruit."

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Paris Hilton in Bathing Suit is in "Happy Place" Celebwell - Celebwell

image:Food list compiled during the reign of King Ine of Wessex (c. 688-726), part of the Textus Roffensis view more

Credit: Chapter of Rochester Cathedral

Very few people in England ate large amounts of meat before the Vikings settled, and there is no evidence that elites ate more meat than other people, a major new bioarchaeological study suggests. Its sister study also argues that peasants occasionally hosted lavish meat feasts for their rulers. The findings overturn major assumptions about early medieval English history.

Picture medieval England and royal feasts involving copious amounts of meat immediately spring to mind. Historians have long assumed that royals and nobles ate far more meat than the rest of the population and that free peasants were forced to hand over food to sustain their rulers throughout the year in an exploitative system known as feorm or food-rent.

But a pair of Cambridge co-authored studies published today in the journal Anglo-Saxon England present a very different picture, one which could transform our understanding of early medieval kingship and society.

While completing a PhD at the University of Cambridge, bioarchaeologist Sam Leggett gave a presentation which intrigued historian Tom Lambert (Sidney Sussex College). Now at the University of Edinburgh, Dr Leggett had analysed chemical signatures of diets preserved in the bones of 2,023 people buried in England from the 5th 11th centuries. She then cross-referenced these isotopic findings with evidence for social status such as grave goods, body position and grave orientation. Leggetts research revealed no correlation between social status and high protein diets.

That surprised Tom Lambert because so many medieval texts and historical studies suggest that Anglo-Saxon elites did eat large quantities of meat. The pair started to work together to find out what was really going on.

They began by deciphering a food list compiled during the reign of King Ine of Wessex (c. 688-726) to estimate how much food it records and what its calorie content might have been. They estimated that the supplies amounted to 1.24 million kcal, over half of which came from animal protein. The list included 300 bread rolls so the researchers worked on the basis that one bun was served to each diner to calculate overall portions. Each guest would have received 4,140 kcal from 500g of mutton; 500g of beef; another 500g of salmon, eel and poultry; plus cheese, honey and ale.

The researchers studied ten other comparable food lists from southern England and discovered a remarkably similar pattern: a modest amount of bread, a huge amount of meat, a decent but not excessive quantity of ale, and no mention of vegetables (although some probably were served).

Lambert says: The scale and proportions of these food lists strongly suggests that they were provisions for occasional grand feasts, and not general food supplies sustaining royal households on a daily basis. These were not blueprints for everyday elite diets as historians have assumed.

Ive been to plenty of barbecues where friends have cooked ludicrous amounts of meat so we shouldnt be too surprised. The guests probably ate the best bits and then leftovers might have been stewed up for later.

Leggett says: Ive found no evidence of people eating anything like this much animal protein on a regular basis. If they were, we would find isotopic evidence of excess protein and signs of diseases like gout from the bones. But were just not finding that.

The isotopic evidence suggests that diets in this period were much more similar across social groups than weve been led to believe. We should imagine a wide range of people livening up bread with small quantities of meat and cheese, or eating pottages of leeks and whole grains with a little meat thrown in.

The researchers believe that even royals would have eaten a cereal-based diet and that these occasional feasts would have been a treat for them too.

These feasts would have been lavish outdoor events at which whole oxen were roasted in huge pits, examples of which have been excavated in East Anglia.

Lambert says: Historians generally assume that medieval feasts were exclusively for elites. But these food lists show that even if you allow for huge appetites, 300 or more people must have attended. That means that a lot of ordinary farmers must have been there, and this has big political implications.

Kings in this period including Rdwald, the early seventh-century East Anglian king perhaps buried at Sutton Hoo are thought to have received renders of food, known in Old English as feorm or food-rent, from the free peasants of their kingdoms. It is often assumed that these were the primary source of food for royal households and that kings own lands played a minor supporting role at best. As kingdoms expanded, it has also been assumed that food-rent was redirected by royal grants to sustain a broader elite, making them even more influential over time.

But Lambert studied the use of the word feorm in different contexts, including aristocratic wills, and concludes that the term referred to a single feast and not this primitive form of tax. This is significant because food-rent required no personal involvement from a king or lord, and no show of respect to the peasants who were duty-bound to provide it. When kings and lords attended communal feasts in person, however, the dynamics would have been very different.

Lambert says: Were looking at kings travelling to massive barbecues hosted by free peasants, people who owned their own farms and sometimes slaves to work on them. You could compare it to a modern presidential campaign dinner in the US. This was a crucial form of political engagement.

This rethinking could have far-reaching implications for medieval studies and English political history more generally. Food renders have informed theories about the beginnings of English kingship and land-based patronage politics, and are central to ongoing debates about what led to the subjection of Englands once-free peasantry.

Leggett and Lambert are now eagerly awaiting the publication of isotopic data from the Winchester Mortuary Chests which are thought to contain the remains of Egbert, Canute and other Anglo-Saxon royals. These results should provide unprecedented insights into the periods most elite eating habits.

S. Leggett & T. Lambert, Food and Power in Early Medieval England: a Lack of (Isotopic) Enrichment; Anglo-Saxon England (2022). DOI: 10.1017/S0263675122000072

S. Leggett & T Lambert, Food and Power in Early Medieval England: Rethinking Feorm, Anglo-Saxon England (2022). DOI: 10.1017/S0263675122000084

Tom Almeroth-Williams, Communications Manager (Research), University of Cambridge: tom.williams@admin.cam.ac.uk

Anglo-Saxon England

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Food and Power in Early Medieval England: a Lack of (Isotopic) Enrichment

20-Apr-2022

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Anglo-Saxon kings were mostly veggie but peasants treated them to huge barbecues, new study argues - EurekAlert

HRP (Capsicum annuum L.) is a spice that is widely used in human food.

The review, published inPoultry Science, was aimed at highlighting the effects of HRP as a phytobiotic in broiler nutrition and its mode of action as a possible alternative to antibiotics.

Various studies, said the authors, suggest that the addition of HRP to broiler feed results in improved bird performance, notably in terms of weight gain, feed intake and FCR.

HRP supplementation, they saw, could also have an antimicrobial effect and that it might enhance intestinal histomorphology in the birds as well.

However, the reviewers said further studies are warranted to investigate the various effects of such feed supplementation, particularly in relation to the claims for HRP around immunomodulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity.

Several studies have demonstrated the effect of HRP on the performance of broiler chickens, said the reviewing team.

The beneficial impact of capsicum in poultry nutrition may be related to capsaicin, which has a bactericidal effect against intestinal pathogens, such as E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Clostridium spp., they noted, referencing work by Omolo et al., 2014; Agarwal et al., 2017; and Salem et al., 2021.

They saw that HRP may boost pancreatic and intestinal enzyme activity, enhance bile acid secretion, and increase body weight in broiler chickens, as well as improve feed digestibility, feed intake (FI), feed conversion efficiency, mortality, carcass features, blood parameters, and production cost, noting the paper by Munglang and Vidyarthi, 2019.

Chili pepper is a rich source of carotenoids such as vitamins C, E, and provitamin A ( carotene), which have well-known antioxidant functions to fight against the hazardous effects of free radicals, including oxidative stress in broilers, according to the findings of studies by Krinsky, 2001, Droge, 2002, and Tawfeek et al., 2014.

And, as HRP is rich in vitamin C, its supplementation could potentially mitigate heat stress in birds, noted the reviewers, citing studies by Yoshioka et al., 2001, Al-Kassie et al., 2012, Abd El-Hack et al., 2018, and Abdelnour et al., 2018.

Meanwhile, Kogure et al. (2002) and Luqman and Razvi (2006) reported that capsicum was more effective than vitamin E in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Capsaicin can potentiate the activities of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes (Platel and Srinivasan, 2004), increase bile acid secretion (Abdel Salam et al., 2005), and increase weight gain (WG) in broiler chickens (Puvaa et al., 2014, 2015b).

Capsaicin also increases appetite in poultry, so the addition of HRP to the diet influences broilers' feed consumption (FC), said the reviewers, citing the work done on this by Yoshioka et al., 2001.

Capsaicin may also protect the gastric mucosa through the afferent stimulation of nerve endings, they saw. Approximately 85% of capsaicin is absorbed by passive diffusion, mainly in the jejunum, which improves the digestibility of feeds in broilers, noted Kawada et al., 1984; Iwai et al., 2003.

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Hot to trot: Reviewers see plenty of benefits from capsicum use in broilers - FeedNavigator.com