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Obesity weight loss Homeopathic Treatment Medicine Remedies

Posted: December 10, 2016 at 1:42 am

Different type of Belly in Obesity weigh loss Belly types in Obesity(weigh gain cases)

Being overweight has become an epidemic . The Standard Diet has caused many of us to be overweight due to the fact that most of our food has been genetically altered and chemicals added. Unfortunately for us it is not real food anymore it has lost most of its nutritional value. For instance the wheat we eat now is not the same wheat our grandparents ate; it has been genetically altered over the past 20 to 30 years which has caused the wheat to have five times more gluten in it. Gluten is a protein that is found in wheat, barley, rye and some other grains.

Adrenal bellyis linked with stress Adrenal belly or Adrenal shape, caused by increased levels of cortisol. When going through stressful periods, the production of cortisol increases, and this favours the accumulation of fat around the waist, leading to a saggy abdomen. Both men and women are likely to gain weight around the waist if they are constantly exposed to high levels of stress, and besides the excess belly# fat, they are also likely to experiencefatigue, back pain, nervousness, poor memory and sleep problems.

Thyroid belly is caused by excess oestrogens An increased production of oestrogen hormones seems to favour the accumulation of belly around the waist line and on the belly, causing the so-called Thyroid belly. People who have this type of belly tend to gain weight in the upper and lower body simultaneously, the fat being distributed throughout the entire body.

Ovary belly is specific for women The Ovary belly is a female-only problem and is accompanied by saddlebags and lower stomach fat. Very disturbing, this type of belly is caused by an excess of oestrogens, and its favoured by hormonal changes that take place during menstruation and after giving birth. The Ovary belly comes with additional symptoms like thin hair, bloating, frequent acne outbreaks and headaches, heavy periods, facial hair and ovarian cysts. . Liver belly is caused by liver and bile problems

If your midsection looks like a pot and your arms and legs are rather thin, youre likely to have a Liver belly. This type of belly sticks out and is made of fat tissue that accumulates due to a decreased production or impaired release of bile, associated with low blood sugar levels in the morning.

Visceral fatis becoming one of the most silent killers in America today. It has become an epidemic and, unfortunately, many dont even know that it exists.Visceral fat is a great predictor of disease and death no joke. This is the type of fat that will actually kill you not your little love handles youve acquired from too much beer. Since visceral fat can and does surround your liver, pancreas and intestines, you can begin to see the problems it can cause. It is also sometimes called active fat, because it plays such an important role in hormonal balance and function.

We cannot see visceral fat. It is around your organs, while subcutaneous fat is the fat you can see. One example is the clich love handles, which many sport as they age. However, some subcutaneous fat has been shown to actually be beneficial, while visceral fat has been shown to be anything but.

Visceral fat or also known as organ fat, is located inside the abdominal cavity, and is packed between the organs (stomach, lungs, heart, liver, intestines, kidneys, etc.). Visceral fat is unlike subcutaneous fat underneath the skin, and intramuscular fat interspersed in skeletal muscles as it can directly affect the organs of the body.

Everyone has a certain amount of visceral fat, but an excess of visceral fat has been come to known as central obesity, or belly fat. The abdomen bulges excessively. From a general health standpoint, excessive deposits of visceral fat is linked to many serious health problems and can be the final straw in terms of an early death.

How Visceral Fat Builds

There are many reasons that people create fat; eating foods with high fat or sugar, being inactive, not drinking enough water, stress, and negative thinking. Because of our cultural shift, having a sedentary lifestyle has become the norm which only increases the amount of fat being deposited. Another factor that leads to increased fat is something none of us can avoid; aging. Our metabolisms start to slow down in our mid to late twenties and goes down as we age. Even hormones can affect the way we store fat. Genetics also can play a big role in how fast we get fat as we age. Bottom line is that there are some things we can control and some we cant when it comes to accumulating fat stores in our bodies.

How Visceral Fat Affects Health

Visceral fat affects health without a person knowing until it is too late as it is related to several health problems, including; dementia, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, hormonal imbalances, type 2 diabetes, and a myriad of other conditions that can lead to premature death.

The problem is that the visceral fat can act like an organ itself and emit substances that affect the other organs. The substances expelled by the visceral fat can go into the liver and then impact the levels of fat and cholesterol in the blood. Visceral fat is also connected to decreased HDL (good cholesterol) and increased LDL (bad cholesterol). Furthermore, visceral fat has also been correlated with different forms of cancer such as; colon cancer, endometrial cancer, and breast cancer. Visceral fat is basically poisoning the body from within.

Lets start by defining weight loss & fat loss so you know what I mean here.

Weight Loss. You want to lower your body-weight, the sum weight of your bones, muscles, organs, body fat, Fat Loss. You want to lower your body fat, the amount of fat your body carries. Healthy goals are 10% body fat for men and 15% for women.

Problems with Weight Loss. If you want to lose weight, its most likely because you carry too much fat. There are people who must lose weight, like athletes before a competition, but most want fat loss. So stop weighing yourself.

Unreliable. Your body-weight can fluctuate daily since its influenced by your stomach/bowel/bladder content, water loss/retention, muscle loss/gain, fat loss/gain, Youll have no idea whats going on. Irrelevant. 2 people with similar height can weigh the same, but look completely different because one has lower body fat than the the other. Check the picture at the top for an example. The last point shows why the BMI standard is flawed: it doesnt take your body fat into account. Both guys in the top picture have the same BMI, but one is clearly healthier: his body fat is lower.

Heres How The Weight Scale Can Mislead You. Clothes, mirrors & pictures dont lie. Neither do fat calipers. But the weight scale can become your worst enemy by misleading you and killing your motivation. Examples:

Carbs & Water. Carbs bind to water. So eating less carbs will make you lose weight: water loss. This is why you lose so much weight on a diet like Atkins the first 2 weeks: its mostly water. Of course, increasing your carb intake will make you gain weight again: water retention. Muscle Gains & Fat Loss. Youll gain muscle while losing fat when you get into strength training. But on the weight scale it will look like youre not making progress: your body-weight doesnt change. Track your body fat using a fat caliper and youll see your body fat is going down.

How to Make Sure You Lose Fat, Not Muscle? Check the picture above: 5lbs muscle takes less space than 5lbs fat. That means youll look slimmer at the same body-weight by building muscle. Keys to losing fat, not muscle:

Get Stronger. Strength training builds muscle & prevents muscle loss. It also helps sticking to your diet. Check the StrongLifts 55 routine. Eat Healthy. Eat whole unprocessed foods 90% of the time and eat less starchy carbs. Check the 8 nutrition rules. You can do cardio to speed up fat loss. But without strength training, cardio will cause muscle loss and youll end up skinny-fat. Avoid.

With more than 42 million overweight children around the world, childhood obesity is increasing worldwide.Since 1980, the number of obese children has doubled in all three North American countries, Mexico, the United States, and Canada.Although the rate of childhood obesity in the United States has stopped increasing, the current rate remains high. In 2010, 32.6 percent of 6- to 11-year-olds were overweight, and 18 percent of 6- to 9-year-olds were obese.

Advertising of unhealthy foods correlates with childhood obesity rates.In some nations, advertising of candy, cereal, and fast-food restaurants is illegal or limited on children's television channels. The media defends itself by blaming the parents for yielding to their children's demands for unhealthy foods.

In the recent decades, family practices have significantly changed, and several of these practices greatly contribute to childhood obesity:

With a decreasing number of mothers who breast-feed, more infants become obese children as they grow up.

Less children go outside and engage in active play as technologies, such as the television and video games, keep children indoors.

Rather than walking or biking to a bus-stop or directly to school, more school-age children are driven to school by their parents, reducing physical activity.

As family sizes decrease, the children's pester power, their ability to force adults to do what the want, increases. This ability enables them to have easier access to calorie-packed foods, such as candy and soda drinks.

Here are some steps for weight maintenance and weight loss:

Increase your daily activity -- take the stairs rather than the elevator, or walk rather than drive when possible. Reduce your food intake gradually. This will help make these new eating habits life time changes. Reduce fat intake on a daily basis, and reduce intake of other high-calorie foods. Change any habits that make you eat more, or eat poorly. Learn about the calorie content of foods and the calorie expenditure of various physical activities.

By the strictest scientific definition, obesity is based on your BMI, or your Body Mass Index. This measure utilizes your height and your weight to determine how healthy your weight is. If your BMI is higher than 30, it is within the obese range. Keep reading to learn more about the different types of obesity.

Inactivity Obesity

It is no secret that a lack of physical activity can cause you to become overweight. In this type of obesity, once-strong parts of the body quickly gain fat and become unhealthy.

Food Obesity

If you overeat, and particularly if you overindulge in unhealthy foods, you may suffer from food obesity. Excessive sugar intake can also cause food obesity, which may lead to accumulation of fat around the middle part of the body.

Anxiety Obesity

Anxiety or depression can often lead to overeating and accumulation of fat in the body, since the body must constantly survive in fight-or-flight mode. To treat this type of obesity, you must control your anxiety. Common treatments include medication, a decrease in caffeine intake, and herbs.

Venous Obesity

Venous circulation is one obesity cause that is genetic in nature, rather than habitual in nature. if anyone in your family suffers from venous circulation, you run the risk of the same condition. This type of obesity is particularly common in pregnancy. Exercise is the best solution for this problem.

Atherogenic Obesity

People whose fat tends to accumulate in the stomach area often suffer from atherogenic obesity. This is a particularly dangerous condition since it can affect your other organs and lead to breathing problems. It is extremely important to avoid drinking alcohol if you have atherogenic obesity.

Gluten Obesity

You are likely no stranger to the many health problems that gluten can cause. In fact, gluten can actually cause obesity. This type of weight gain is most common in women. It is often spotted during periods of hormonal change, like puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.

The accumulation of muscle mass is the most effective treatment for this condition, so you may want to take up lifting weights to combat gluten obesity.Being able to put a name to your weight gain can help you more effectively treat it. In all cases, it comes down to the same basic concepts: decreasing your caloric intake, increasing your physical activity, avoiding alcohol, and not smoking.

These lifestyle changes make you healthier overall, not just in terms of your weight.You can tackle the problem of obesity head-on with this knowledge. Figure out what description best suits your obesity and then take the appropriate steps to stop it. You can be on your way to a healthier lifestyle and body in just a few days.

Commonly recognized types of Obesity:The fat distribution in the body is identified among the two types of obesity android & gynoid. Android in the male type of obesity where excess fat is marked in the upper half of the body.

Android: -Android type of obesity is likened to the shape of an apple. The shoulders, face, arms, neck, chest & upper portion of the abdomen are bloated. The stomach gives a stiff appearance. So also the arms, shoulders & breast. The back seems to be erect but the neck is compressed and there will be protruding chest because of the bulk in the stomach. The lower portion of the body the hips, thighs & legs are thinner beyond proportion in comparison with the upper part. In these persons the vital organs affected will be mostly the heart, liver, kidneys & lungs. Though this typed of obesity is found more in males it is common in females too. Those females, who are under hormone treatment for their menstrual abnormalities or after childbirth, are more prone to this type of obesity. It occurs in females around menopause too due to thyroid gland's functional disturbance. In this type, the excess flesh is less likely to reduce especially in female than males. Android type of obesity is a major risk for heart damage & heart disease due to high cholesterol.

Gynoid: - In this type the lower part of the body has the extra flesh. This type of obesity is also common to both sexes though females are more affected. Gynoid type of obesity is similar to pears. The flesh is somewhat flabby in the abdomen, thighs, buttocks & legs. The face & neck mostly give a normal appearance. In some persons, the cheeks may be drawn too. As these persons grow old the whole figure assumes a stooping posture and the spine is never erect due to the heavy hips & thighs. This vital organs affected mostly are the kidneys, uterus, intestines, bladder & bowls. But the functions of these organs some times have a direct effect on the heart. In this type of obesity, exercises or dieting will not help appreciably in reducing weight. Here Homeopathic herbal medicine is the only hope. One should have more patience & undertake proper treatment to achieve the goal of reducing weight & preventing further weight again.

The third type: -Besides android & gynoid, there is one more type of obesity. Some people do not belong to any of the above type of obesity. Their whole body from head to toe looks like a barrel. Their gait is more to rolling rather than walking. The fat tissues in their body hinder the movement of all the internal organs & consequently affect their brisk functioning. For them any exercise is difficult due to the enormous size of the body. So such person should follow a strict in diet & do plenty of exercise.

Reproductive disturbances are more common in obese women regardless of the diagnosis of PCOS. Obese women are more likely to have menstrual irregularity and anvolatory infertility than normal-weight women.Androgens play an important role in determination of body composition. Men have less body fat with greater distribution of fat in the upper portion of the body (android) compared to women, who tend to accumulate fat in the lower portion of the body (gynoid). Vague first reported that the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis was higher in women with android obesity compared to gynoid obesity.Moreover, he observed that the prevalence of android body habitus increases in women after the age of menopause and women with android obesity tend to have features of hyperandrogenism such as hirsutism.Women with upper-body obesity have also been noted to have decreased insulin sensitivity and are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Independent of BMI, women with PCOS have been reported to have a high prevalence of upper-body obesity as demonstrated by increased waist circumference and waist-hip ratio compared to BMI-matched control women. Consistent with these findings, studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry have revealed increased accumulation of central fat in women with PCOS.

Chronic exposure to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS may modify body fat distribution in these women. Support for this hypothesis is provided by studies of androgen administration in nonobese female to male transsexuals that lead to increases in visceral fat and adversely impact insulin sensitivity.In post-menopausal women exposure to androgens increases visceral fat in both obese and normal-weight women.In rats, testosterone administration of a single high dose early in life leads to development of insulin resistance and centralization of adipose tissue mass as an adult.It may be that early androgen exposure adversely impacts future body fat distribution with greater accumulation of central fat.

However, few studies have examined visceral fat content in women with PCOS. Studies of isolated abdominal fat cells from women with PCOS have revealed larger-sized cells in both obese and nonobese women with PCOS compared to control women, suggesting a preferential abdominal accumulation of adipose tissue.Femoral adipocytes are smaller in obese women with PCOS than reproductively normal women consistent with a shift to android body fat distribution in PCOS women. These observations raise the hypothesis that hyperandrogenemia may contribute to the development of visceral adiposity in PCOS women necessitating further investigation in this area.

(1) the consumption of more food than is required for producing sufficient energy for the daily activities of the body. The excess products of digestion are accumulated in the tissues as fat;

(2) obesity is due to nutritional disorder and eating of more fat which is accumulated mostly in the subcutaneous tissues;

(3) obesity is caused more rapidly when a person avoids physical work and takes more rest and sleep after taking heavy meals during the day;

(4) obesity is increased flatulent food, i.e. , rice, pulses, potatoes, beans, eggs, fat and fatty food;

(5) in some cases obesity is transferred from parents to their children;

(6) after frequent deliveries and abortions or after surgical operation in the body;

7) in metabolic deficiency, the breakdown of protein, sugar and fat is poor and as such more part of the digested food is stored in the tissues of the body.

Obesity show complications only when any disease is associated with it.Diseases occurring due to obesity are as following

Atherosclerosis.

Hypertension.

Diabetes.

Different type of cancers.

Gall bladder diseases.

Hepatic steatosis.

Endocrine abnormalities.

Lung functions impaired.

Complications during pregnancy.

Skin diseases.

Uric acid increase(gout)

Obesity can be due to various reasons. Main reason is the imbalance between calorie necessary and over consumption, while taking consideration of age, gender, genes and environmental factors. When the food you eat provides more calories than what is needed, the excess will be converted to fat. Primarily, the fat cell increases in size, then it starts to multiply in number. When an obese person reduces his weight the size of the fat cells decrease, but the number of fat cells still remains the same.

Hypertension

Liver diseases such as fatty liver.

Stroke.

Depression.

Diabetes is also more associated with obese people.

Heart diseases (coronary heart disease).

Breathing disorders (sleep apnea), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Joint diseases (e.g. osteoarthritis).

GERD gastric esophageal reflux disease.

High level of cholesterol.

Polycystic ovarian Disease(PCOD)

Cushing Syndrome

Certain types of cancers are also associated (uterine cancer in women, prostate cancer in men).

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Obesity weight loss Homeopathic Treatment Medicine Remedies

Low-carbohydrate diet – Wikipedia

Posted: December 7, 2016 at 11:43 am

Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption, often for the treatment of obesity or diabetes. Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed. The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.

Such diets are sometimes 'ketogenic' (i.e., they restrict carbohydrate intake sufficiently to cause ketosis). The induction phase of the Atkins diet[1][2][3] is ketogenic.

The term "low-carbohydrate diet" is generally applied to diets that restrict carbohydrates to less than 20% of caloric intake, but can also refer to diets that simply restrict or limit carbohydrates to less than recommended proportions (generally less than 45% of total energy coming from carbohydrates).[4][5]

Low-carbohydrate diets are used to treat or prevent some chronic diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, auto-brewery syndrome, high blood pressure, and diabetes.[6][7]

Gary Taubes has argued that low-carbohydrate diets are closer to the ancestral diet of humans before the origin of agriculture, and humans are genetically adapted to diets low in carbohydrate.[8] Direct archaeological or fossil evidence on nutrition during the Paleolithic, when all humans subsisted by hunting and gathering, is limited, but suggests humans evolved from the vegetarian diets common to other great apes to one with a greater level of meat-eating.[9] Some close relatives of modern Homo sapiens, such as the Neanderthals, appear to have been almost exclusively carnivorous.[10]

A more detailed picture of early human diets before the origin of agriculture may be obtained by analogy to contemporary hunter-gatherers. According to one survey of these societies, a relatively low carbohydrate (2240% of total energy), animal food-centered diet is preferred "whenever and wherever it [is] ecologically possible", and where plant foods do predominate, carbohydrate consumption remains low because wild plants are much lower in carbohydrate and higher in fiber than modern domesticated crops.[11] Primatologist Katherine Milton, however, has argued that the survey data on which this conclusion is based inflate the animal content of typical hunter-gatherer diets; much of it was based on early ethnography, which may have overlooked the role of women in gathering plant foods.[12] She has also highlighted the diversity of both ancestral and contemporary foraging diets, arguing no evidence indicates humans are especially adapted to a single paleolithic diet over and above the vegetarian diets characteristic of the last 30 million years of primate evolution.[13]

The origin of agriculture brought about a rise in carbohydrate levels in human diets.[14] The industrial age has seen a particularly steep rise in refined carbohydrate levels in Western societies, as well as urban societies in Asian countries, such as India, China, and Japan.

In 1797, John Rollo reported on the results of treating two diabetic Army officers with a low-carbohydrate diet and medications. A very low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet was the standard treatment for diabetes throughout the 19th century.[15][16]

In 1863, William Banting, a formerly obese English undertaker and coffin maker, published "Letter on Corpulence Addressed to the Public", in which he described a diet for weight control giving up bread, butter, milk, sugar, beer, and potatoes.[17] His booklet was widely read, so much so that some people used the term "Banting" for the activity usually called "dieting".[18]

In 1888, James Salisbury introduced the Salisbury steak as part of his high-meat diet, which limited vegetables, fruit, starches, and fats to one-third of the diet.[original research?]

In the early 1900s Frederick Madison Allen developed a highly restrictive short term regime which was described by Walter R. Steiner at the 1916 annual convention of the Connecticut State Medical Society as The Starvation Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.[19]:176177[20][21][22] People showing very high urine glucose levels were confined to bed and restricted to an unlimited supply of water, coffee, tea, and clear meat broth until their urine was "sugar free"; this took two to four days but sometimes up to eight.[19]:177 After the person's urine was sugar-free food was re-introduced; first only vegetables with less than 5g of carbohydate per day, eventually adding fruits and grains to build up to 3g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight. Then eggs and meat were added, building up to 1g of protein/kg of body weight per day, then fat was added to the point where the person stopped losing weight or a maximum of 40 calories of fat per kilogram per day was reached. The process was halted if sugar appeared in the person's urine.[19]:177178 This diet was often administered in a hospital in order to better ensure compliance and safety.[19]:179

In 1958, Richard Mackarness M.D. published Eat Fat and Grow Slim, a low-carbohydrate diet with much of the same advice and based on the same theories as those promulgated by Robert Atkins more than a decade later. Mackarness also challenged the "calorie theory" and referenced primitive diets such as the Inuit as examples of healthy diets with a low-carbohydrate and high-fat composition.

In 1967, Irwin Stillman published The Doctor's Quick Weight Loss Diet. The "Stillman diet" is a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diet. It is regarded as one of the first low-carbohydrate diets to become popular in the United States.[23] Other low-carbohydrate diets in the 1960s included the Air Force diet[24] and the drinking man's diet.[25]Austrian physician Wolfgang Lutz published his book Leben Ohne Brot (Life Without Bread) in 1967.[26] However, it was not well known in the English-speaking world.

In 1972, Robert Atkins published Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution, which advocated the low-carbohydrate diet he had successfully used in treating patients in the 1960s (having developed the diet from a 1963 article published in JAMA).[27] The book met with some success, but, because of research at that time suggesting risk factors associated with excess fat and protein, it was widely criticized by the mainstream medical community as being dangerous and misleading, thereby limiting its appeal at the time.[28] Among other things, critics pointed out that Atkins had done little real research into his theories and based them mostly on his clinical work. Later that decade, Walter Voegtlin and Herman Tarnower published books advocating the Paleolithic diet and Scarsdale diet, respectively, each meeting with moderate success.[29][not in citation given]

The concept of the glycemic index was developed in 1981 by David Jenkins to account for variances in speed of digestion of different types of carbohydrates. This concept classifies foods according to the rapidity of their effect on blood sugar levels with fast-digesting simple carbohydrates causing a sharper increase and slower-digesting complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, a slower one.[30] The concept has been extended to include the amount of carbohydrate actually absorbed, as well, as a tablespoonful of cooked carrots is less significant overall than a large baked potato (effectively pure starch, which is efficiently absorbed as glucose), despite differences in glycemic indices.

In the 1990s, Atkins published an update from his 1972 book, Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution, and other doctors began to publish books based on the same principles. This has been said to be the beginning of what the mass media call the "low carb craze" in the United States.[31] During the late 1990s and early 2000s, low-carbohydrate diets became some of the most popular diets in the US. By some accounts, up to 18% of the population was using one type of low-carbohydrate diet or another at the peak of their popularity,[32] and this use spread to many countries.[citation needed]Food manufacturers and restaurant chains like Krispy Kreme noted the trend, as it affected their businesses.[33] Parts of the mainstream medical community has denounced low-carbohydrate diets as being dangerous to health, such as the AHA in 2001,[34] the American Kidney Fund in 2002,[35] Low-carbohydrate advocates did some adjustments of their own, increasingly advocating controlling fat and eliminating trans fat.[36][37]

Proponents who appeared with new diet guides at that time like the Zone diet intentionally distanced themselves from Atkins and the term 'low carb' because of the controversies, though their recommendations were based on largely the same principles .[38][39] It can be controversial which diets are low-carbohydrate and which are not.[citation needed] The 1990s and 2000s saw the publication of an increased number of clinical studies regarding the effectiveness and safety (pro and con) of low-carbohydrate diets (see low-carbohydrate diet medical research).

In the United States, the diet has continued to garner attention in the medical and nutritional science communities, and also inspired a number of hybrid diets that include traditional calorie-counting and exercise regimens.[7][40][41][42] Other low-carb diets, such as the Paleo Diet, focus on the removal of certain foods from the diet, such as sugar and grain.[43] On September 2, 2014 a small randomized trial by the NIH of 148 men and women comparing a low-carbohydrate diet with a low fat diet without calorie restrictions over one year showed that participants in the low-carbohydrate diet had greater weight loss than those on the low-fat diet.[44] The low-fat group lost weight, but appeared to lose more muscle than fat.[45]

No consensus definition exists of what precisely constitutes a low-carbohydrate diet.[46] Medical researchers and diet advocates may define different levels of carbohydrate intake when specifying low-carbohydrate diets.[46][not in citation given]

The American Academy of Family Physicians defines low-carbohydrate diets as diets that restrict carbohydrate intake to 20 to 60 grams per day, typically less than 20% of caloric intake.[47]

The body of research underpinning low-carbohydrate diets has grown significantly in the decades of the 1990s and 2000s.[48][49] Most research centers on the relationship between carbohydrate intake and blood sugar levels (i.e., blood glucose), as well as the two primary hormones produced in the pancreas, that regulate the blood sugar level, insulin, which lowers it, and glucagon, which raises it.[50]

Low-carbohydrate diets in general recommend reducing nutritive carbohydrates, commonly referred to as "net carbs", i.e., grams of total carbohydrates reduced by the non-nutritive carbohydrates[51][52] to very low levels. This means sharply reducing consumption of desserts, breads, pastas, potatoes, rice, and other sweet or starchy foods. Some recommend levels less than 20g of "net carbs" per day, at least in the early stages of dieting[53] (for comparison, a single slice of white bread typically contains 15g of carbohydrate, almost entirely starch). By contrast, the U.S. Institute of Medicine recommends a minimum intake of 130g of carbohydrate per day.[54] The FAO and WHO similarly recommend that the majority of dietary energy come from carbohydrates.[55][56]

Although low-carbohydrate diets are most commonly discussed as a weight-loss approach, some experts have proposed using low-carbohydrate diets to mitigate or prevent diseases, including diabetes, metabolic disease, and epilepsy.[57][58] Some low-carbohydrate proponents and others argue that the rise in carbohydrate consumption, especially refined carbohydrates, caused the epidemic levels of many diseases in modern society, including metabolic disease and type 2 diabetes.[59][60][61][62]

A category of diets is known as low-glycemic-index diets (low-GI diets) or low-glycemic-load diets (low-GL diets), in particular the Low GI Diet.[63] In reality, low-carbohydrate diets can also be low-GL diets (and vice versa) depending on the carbohydrates in a particular diet. In practice, though, "low-GI"/"low-GL" diets differ from "low-carb" diets in the following ways: First, low-carbohydrate diets treat all nutritive carbohydrates as having the same effect on metabolism, and generally assume their effect is predictable. Low-GI/low-GL diets are based on the measured change in blood glucose levels in various carbohydrates these vary markedly in laboratory studies. The differences are due to poorly understood digestive differences between foods. However, as foods influence digestion in complex ways (e.g., both protein and fat delay absorption of glucose from carbohydrates eaten at the same time) it is difficult to even approximate the glycemic effect (e.g., over time or even in total in some cases) of a particular meal.[64]

The low-insulin-index diet, is similar, except it is based on measurements of direct insulemic responses i.e., the amount of insulin in the bloodstream to food rather than glycemic response the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. Although such diet recommendations mostly involve lowering nutritive carbohydrates, some low-carbohydrate foods are discouraged, as well (e.g., beef).[65] Insulin secretion is stimulated (though less strongly) by other dietary intake. Like glycemic-index diets, predicting the insulin secretion from any particular meal is difficult, due to assorted digestive interactions and so differing effects on insulin release.[citation needed]

At the heart of the debate about most low-carbohydrate diets are fundamental questions about what is a 'normal' diet and how the human body is supposed to operate. These questions can be outlined as follows.

The diets of most people in modern Western nations, especially the United States, contain large amounts of starches, including refined flours, and substantial amounts of sugars, including fructose. Most Westerners seldom exhaust stored glycogen supplies and rarely go into ketosis. This has been regarded by the majority of the medical community in the last century as normal for humans.[citation needed] Ketosis should not be confused with ketoacidosis, a dangerous and extreme ketotic condition associated with type I diabetes. Some in the medical community have regarded ketosis as harmful and potentially life-threatening, believing it unnecessarily stresses the liver and causes destruction of muscle tissues.[citation needed] A perception developed that getting energy chiefly from dietary protein rather than carbohydrates causes liver damage and that getting energy chiefly from dietary fats rather than carbohydrates causes heart disease and other health problems. This view is still held by the majority of those in the medical and nutritional science communities.[66][67][68] However, it is now widely recognized that periodic ketosis is normal, and that ketosis provides a number of benefits, including neuroprotection against diverse types of cellular injury.[69]

People critical of low-carbohydrate diets cite hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis as risk factors. While mild acidosis may be a side effect when beginning a ketogenic diet,[70][71] no known health emergencies have been recorded. It should not be conflated with diabetic ketoacidosis, which can be life-threatening.

A diet very low in starches and sugars induces several adaptive responses. Low blood glucose causes the pancreas to produce glucagon,[72] which stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood. When liver glycogen stores are exhausted, the body starts using fatty acids instead of glucose. The brain cannot use fatty acids for energy, and instead uses ketones produced from fatty acids by the liver. By using fatty acids and ketones as energy sources, supplemented by conversion of proteins to glucose (gluconeogenesis), the body can maintain normal levels of blood glucose without dietary carbohydrates.

Most advocates of low-carbohydrate diets, such as the Atkins diet, argue that the human body is adapted to function primarily in ketosis.[73][74] They argue that high insulin levels can cause many health problems, most significantly fat storage and weight gain. They argue that the purported dangers of ketosis are unsubstantiated (some of the arguments against ketosis result from confusion between ketosis and ketoacidosis, which is a mostly diabetic condition unrelated to dieting or low-carbohydrate intake).[75] They also argue that fat in the diet only contributes to heart disease in the presence of high insulin levels and that if the diet is instead adjusted to induce ketosis, fat and cholesterol in the diet are beneficial. Most low-carb diet plans discourage consumption of trans fat.

On a high-carbohydrate diet, glucose is used by cells in the body for the energy needed for their basic functions, and about two-thirds of body cells require insulin to use glucose. Excessive amounts of blood glucose are thought to be a primary cause of the complications of diabetes, when glucose reacts with body proteins (resulting in glycosolated proteins) and change their behavior. Perhaps for this reason, the amount of glucose tightly maintained in the blood is quite low. Unless a meal is very low in starches and sugars, blood glucose will rise for a period of an hour or two after a meal. When this occurs, beta cells in the pancreas release insulin to cause uptake of glucose into cells. In liver and muscle cells, more glucose is taken in than is needed and stored as glycogen (once called 'animal starch').[76] Diets with a high starch/sugar content, therefore, cause release of more insulin, and so more cell absorption. In diabetics, glucose levels vary in time with meals and vary a little more as a result of high-carbohydrate meals. In nondiabetics, blood-sugar levels are restored to normal levels within an hour or two, regardless of the content of a meal.

However, the ability of the body to store glycogen is finite. Once liver and muscular stores are full to the maximum, adipose tissue (subcutaneous and visceral fat stores) becomes the site of sugar storage in the form of fat.[citation needed] The body's ability to store fat is almost limitless, hence the modern dilemma of morbid obesity.

While any diet devoid of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and essential amino acids (EAAs) will result in eventual death, a diet completely without carbohydrates can be maintained indefinitely because triglycerides (which make up fat stored in the body and dietary fat) include a (glycerol) molecule which the body can easily convert to glucose.[77] It should be noted that the EFAs and all amino acids are structural building blocks, not inherent fuel for energy. However, a very-low-carbohydrate diet (less than 20 g per day) may negatively affect certain biomarkers[78] and produce detrimental effects in certain types of individuals (for instance, those with kidney problems). The opposite is also true; for instance, clinical experience suggests very-low-carbohydrate diets for patients with metabolic syndrome.[79]

Because of the substantial controversy regarding low-carbohydrate diets and even disagreements in interpreting the results of specific studies, it is difficult to objectively summarize the research in a way that reflects scientific consensus.[80] Although some research has been done throughout the 20th century,[81] most directly relevant scientific studies have occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s. Researchers and other experts have published articles and studies that run the gamut from promoting the safety and efficacy of these diets[82][83] to questioning their long-term validity[84][85] to outright condemning them as dangerous.[86][87] A significant criticism of the diet trend was that no studies evaluated the effects of the diets beyond a few months. However, studies emerged which evaluate these diets over much longer periods, controlled studies as long as two years and survey studies as long as two decades.[82][88][89][90][91]

A systematic review published in 2014 included 19 trials with a total of 3,209 overweight and obese participants, some with diabetes. The review included both extreme low carbohydrate diets high in both protein and fat, as well as less extreme low carbohydrate diets that are high in protein but with recommended intakes of fat. The authors found that when the amount of energy (kilojoules/calories) consumed by people following the low carbohydrate and balanced diets (45 to 65% of total energy from carbohydrates, 25 to 35% from fat, and 10 to 20% from protein) was similar, there was no difference in weight loss after 3 to 6 months and after 1 to 2 years in those with and without diabetes. For blood pressure, cholesterol levels and diabetes markers there was also no difference detected between the low carbohydrate and the balanced diets. The follow-up of these trials was no longer than two years, which is too short to provide an adequate picture of the long term risk of following a low carbohydrate diet.[5]

A 2003 meta-analysis that included randomized controlled trials found that "low-carbohydrate, non-energy-restricted diets appear to be at least as effective as low-fat, energy-restricted diets in inducing weight loss for up to one year."[92][93][94] A 2007 JAMA study comparing the effectiveness of the Atkins low-carb diet to several other popular diets concluded, "In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight and experienced more favorable overall metabolic effects at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets."[89] A July 2009 study of existing dietary habits associated a low-carbohydrate diet with obesity, although the study drew no explicit conclusion regarding the cause: whether the diet resulted in the obesity or the obesity motivated people to adopt the diet.[95] A 2013 meta-analysis that included only randomized controlled trials with one year or more of follow-up found, "Individuals assigned to a very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet achieve a greater weight loss than those assigned to a low fat diet in the long term."[96] In 2013, after reviewing 16,000 studies, Sweden's Council on Health Technology Assessment concluded low-carbohydrate diets are more effective as a means to reduce weight than low-fat diets, over a short period of time (six months or less). However, the agency also concluded, over a longer span (1224 months), no differences occur in effects on weight between strict or moderate low-carb diets, low-fat diets, diets high in protein, Mediterranean diet, or diets aiming at low glycemic indices.[97]

In one theory, one of the reasons people lose weight on low-carbohydrate diets is related to the phenomenon of spontaneous reduction in food intake.[98]

Carbohydrate restriction may help prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes,[99][100] as well as atherosclerosis.[101]

Potential favorable changes in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values should be weighed against potential unfavorable changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol values when low-carbohydrate diets to induce weight loss are considered.[102] However, the type of LDL cholesterol should also be taken into account here, as it could be that small, dense LDL is decreased and larger LDL molecules are increased with low-carb diets.[citation needed] The health effects of the different molecules are still being elucidated, and many cholesterol tests do not account for such details, but small, dense LDL is thought to be problematic and large LDL is not. A 2008 systematic review of randomized controlled studies that compared low-carbohydrate diets to low-fat/low-calorie diets found the measurements of weight, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and systolic blood pressure were significantly better in groups that followed low-carbohydrate diets. The authors of this review also found a higher rate of attrition in groups with low-fat diets, and concluded, "evidence from this systematic review demonstrates that low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets are more effective at six months and are as effective, if not more, as low-fat diets in reducing weight and cardiovascular disease risk up to one year", but they also called for more long-term studies.[103]

A study of more than 100,000 people over more than 20 years within the Nurses' Health Study observationally concluded a low-carbohydrate diet high in vegetables, with a large proportion of proteins and oils coming from plant sources, decreases mortality with a hazard ratio of 0.8.[104] In contrast, a low-carbohydrate diet with largely animal sources of protein and fat increases mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.1.[104] This study, however, has been met with criticism, due to the unreliability of the self-administered food frequency questionnaire, as compared to food journaling,[105] as well as classifying "low-carbohydrate" diets based on comparisons to the group as a whole (decile method) rather than surveying dieters following established low-carb dietary guidelines like the Atkins or Paleo diets.[106]

Opinions regarding low-carbohydrate diets vary throughout the medical and nutritional science communities, yet government bodies, and medical and nutritional associations, have generally opposed this nutritional regimen.[citation needed] Since 2003, some organizations have gradually begun to relax their opposition to the point of cautious support for low-carbohydrate diets. Some of these organizations receive funding from the food industry.[citation needed] Official statements from some organizations:

The AAFP released a 'discussion paper' on the Atkins diet in 2006. The paper expresses reservations about the Atkins plan, but acknowledges it as a legitimate weight-loss approach.[107]

The ADA revised its Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes in 2008 to acknowledge low-carbohydrate diets as a legitimate weight-loss plan.[108][109] The recommendations fall short of endorsing low-carbohydrate diets as a long-term health plan, and do not give any preference to these diets. Nevertheless, this is perhaps the first statement of support, albeit for the short term, by a medical organization.[110][111] In its 2009 publication of Clinical Practice Recommendations, the ADA again reaffirmed its acceptance of carbohydrate-controlled diets as an effective treatment for short-term (up to one year) weight loss among obese people suffering from type two diabetes.[112]

As of 2003 in commenting on a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, a spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association reiterated the association's belief that "there is no magic bullet to safe and healthful weight loss."[113] The Association specifically endorses the high-carbohydrate diet recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. They have stated "Calories cause weight gain. Excess calories from carbohydrates are not any more fattening than calories from other sources. Despite the claims of low-carb diets, a high-carbohydrate diet does not promote fat storage by enhancing insulin resistance."[114][bettersourceneeded]

As of 2008[update] the AHA states categorically that it "doesn't recommend high-protein diets."[115] A science advisory from the association further states the association's belief that these diets "may be associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease."[34] The AHA has been one of the most adamant opponents of low-carbohydrate diets.[citation needed] Dr. Robert Eckel, past president, noted that a low-carbohydrate diet could potentially meet AHA guidelines if it conformed to the AHA guidelines for low fat content.[116]

The position statement by the Heart Foundation regarding low-carbohydrate diets states, "the Heart Foundation does not support the adoption of VLCARB diets for weight loss."[46] Although the statement recommends against use of low-carbohydrate diets, it explains their major concern is saturated fats as opposed to carbohydrate restriction and protein. Moreover, other statements suggest their position might be re-evaluated in the event of more evidence from longer-term studies.

The consumer advice statements of the NHS regarding low-carbohydrate diets state that "eating a high-fat diet could increase your risk of heart disease" and "try to ensure starchy foods make up about a third of your diet"[117]

In 2008, the Socialstyrelsen in Sweden altered its standing regarding low-carbohydrate diets.[118] Although formal endorsement of this regimen has not yet appeared, the government has given its formal approval for using carbohydrate-controlled diets for medically supervised weight loss.

In a recommendation for diets suitable for diabetes patients published in 2011 a moderate low-carb option (3040%) is suggested.[119]

The HHS issues consumer guidelines for maintaining heart health which state regarding low-carbohydrate diets that "they're not the route to healthy, long-term weight management."[120]

Low-carbohydrate diets became a major weight loss and health maintenance trend during the late 1990s and early 2000s.[121][122][123] While their popularity has waned recently from its peak, they remain popular.[124][125] This diet trend has stirred major controversies in the medical and nutritional sciences communities and, as yet, there is not a general consensus on their efficacy or safety.[126][127] Many in the medical community remain generally opposed to these diets for long term health[128] although there has been a recent softening of this opposition by some organizations.[129][130]

Because of the substantial controversy regarding low-carbohydrate diets, and even disagreements in interpreting the results of specific studies, it is difficult to objectively summarize the research in a way that reflects scientific consensus.[131][132][133]

Although there has been some research done throughout the twentieth century, most directly relevant scientific studies have occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s and, as such, are relatively new and the results are still debated in the medical community.[132] Supporters and opponents of low-carbohydrate diets frequently cite many articles (sometimes the same articles) as supporting their positions.[134][135][136] One of the fundamental criticisms of those who advocate the low-carbohydrate diets has been the lack of long-term studies evaluating their health risks.[137][138] This has begun to change as longer term studies are emerging.[82]

A 2012 systematic review studying the effects of low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors showed the LCD to be associated with significant decreases in body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, blood insulin and plasma C-reactive protein, as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and creatinine did not change significantly. The study found the LCD was shown to have favorable effects on body weight and major cardiovascular risk factors (but concluded the effects on long-term health are unknown). The study did not compare health benefits of LCD to low-fat diets.[139]

A meta-analysis published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2013 compared low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, vegan, vegetarian, low-glycemic index, high-fiber, and high-protein diets with control diets. The researchers concluded that low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, low-glycemic index, and high-protein diets are effective in improving markers of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.[140]

In the first week or two of a low-carbohydrate diet, much of the weight loss comes from eliminating water retained in the body.[141] The presence of insulin in the blood fosters the formation of glycogen stores in the body, and glycogen is bound with water, which is released when insulin and blood sugar drop.[citation needed][142] A ketogenic diet is known to cause dehydration as an early, temporary side-effect.[143]

Advocates of low-carbohydrate diets generally dispute any suggestion that such diets cause weakness or exhaustion (except in the first few weeks as the body adjusts), and indeed most highly recommend exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle.[142][144] A large body of evidence stretching back to the 1880s shows that physical performance is not negatively affected by ketogenic diets once a person has been accustomed to such a diet.[145]

Arctic cultures, such as the Inuit, were found to lead physically demanding lives consuming a diet of about 1520% of their calories from carbohydrates, largely in the form of glycogen from the raw meat they consumed.[145][146][147][148] However, studies also indicate that while low-carb diets will not reduce endurance performance after adapting, they will probably deteriorate anaerobic performance such as strength-training or sprint-running because these processes rely on glycogen for fuel.[144]

Many critics argue that low-carbohydrate diets inherently require minimizing vegetable and fruit consumption, which in turn robs the body of important nutrients.[149] Some critics imply or explicitly argue that vegetables and fruits are inherently all heavily concentrated sources of carbohydrates (so much so that some sources treat the words 'vegetable' and 'carbohydrate' as synonymous).[150] While some fruits may contain relatively high concentrations of sugar, most are largely water and not particularly calorie-dense. Thus, in absolute terms, even sweet fruits and berries do not represent a significant source of carbohydrates in their natural form, and also typically contain a good deal of fiber which attenuates the absorption of sugar in the gut.[151] Lastly, most of the sugar in fruit is fructose, which has a reported negligible effect on insulin levels in obese subjects.[152]

Most vegetables are low- or moderate-carbohydrate foods (in the context of these diets, fiber is excluded because it is not a nutritive carbohydrate). Some vegetables, such as potatoes and carrots, have high concentrations of starch, as do corn and rice. Most low-carbohydrate diet plans accommodate vegetables such as broccoli, spinach, cauliflower, and peppers.[153] The Atkins diet recommends that most dietary carbs come from vegetables. Nevertheless, debate remains as to whether restricting even just high-carbohydrate fruits, vegetables, and grains is truly healthy.[154]

Contrary to the recommendations of most low-carbohydrate diet guides, some individuals may choose to avoid vegetables altogether to minimize carbohydrate intake. Low-carbohydrate vegetarianism is also practiced.

Raw fruits and vegetables are packed with an array of other protective chemicals, such as vitamins, flavonoids, and sugar alcohols. Some of those molecules help safeguard against the over-absorption of sugars in the human digestive system.[155][156] Industrial food raffination depletes some of those beneficial molecules to various degrees, including almost total removal in many cases.[157]

The major low-carbohydrate diet guides generally recommend multivitamin and mineral supplements as part of the diet regimen, which may lead some to believe these diets are nutritionally deficient. The primary reason for this recommendation is that if the switch from a high-carbohydrate to a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet is rapid, the body can temporarily go through a period of adjustment during which it may require extra vitamins and minerals. This is because the body releases excess fluids stored during high-carbohydrate eating. In other words, the body goes through a temporary "shock" if the diet is changed to low-carbohydrate quickly, just as it would changing to a high-carbohydrate diet quickly. This does not, in and of itself, indicate that either type of diet is nutritionally deficient. While many foods rich in carbohydrates are also rich in vitamins and minerals, many low-carbohydrate foods are similarly rich in vitamins and minerals.[158]

A common argument in favor of high-carbohydrate diets is that most carbohydrates break down readily into glucose in the bloodstream, and therefore the body does not have to work as hard to get its energy in a high-carbohydrate diet as a low-carbohydrate diet. This argument, by itself, is incomplete. Although many dietary carbohydrates do break down into glucose, most of that glucose does not remain in the bloodstream for long. Its presence stimulates the beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin, which has the effect of causing about two-thirds of body cells to take in glucose, and causing fat cells to take in fatty acids and store them. As the blood-glucose level falls, the amount of insulin released is reduced; the entire process is completed in non-diabetics in an hour or two after eating.[citation needed] High-carbohydrate diets require more insulin production and release than low-carbohydrate diets,[citation needed] and some evidence indicates the increasingly large percentage of calories consumed as refined carbohydrates is positively correlated with the increased incidence of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.[159]

In addition, this claim neglects the nature of the carbohydrates ingested. Some are indigestible in humans (e.g., cellulose), some are poorly digested in humans (e.g., the amylose starch variant), and some require considerable processing to be converted to absorbable forms. In general, uncooked or unprocessed (e.g., milling, crushing, etc.) foods are harder (typically much harder) to absorb, so do not raise glucose levels as much as might be expected from the proportion of carbohydrate present. Cooking (especially moist cooking above the temperature necessary to expand starch granules) and mechanical processing both considerably raise the amount of absorbable carbohydrate and reduce the digestive effort required.

Analyses which neglect these factors are misleading and will not result in a working diet, or at least one which works as intended. In fact, some evidence indicates the human brain the largest consumer of glucose in the body can operate more efficiently on ketones (as efficiency of source of energy per unit oxygen).[160]

The restriction of starchy plants, by definition, severely limits the dietary intake of microbiota accessible carbohydrates (MACs) and may negatively affect the microbiome in ways that contribute to disease.[161] Starchy plants, in particular, are a main source of resistant starch an important dietary fiber with strong prebiotic properties.[162][163][164] Resistant starches are not digestible by mammals and are fermented and metabolized by gut flora into short chain fatty acids, which are well known to offer a wide range of health benefits.[163][165][166][167][168][169] Resistant starch consumption has been shown to improve intestinal/colonic health, blood sugar, glucose tolerance, insulin-sensitivity and satiety.[170][171][172] Public health authorities and food organizations such as the Food and Agricultural Organization, the World Health Organization,[173] the British Nutrition Foundation[174] and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences[175] recognize resistant starch as a beneficial carbohydrate. The Joint Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Consultation on Human Nutrition stated, "One of the major developments in our understanding of the importance of carbohydrates for health in the past twenty years has been the discovery of resistant starch."[173]

In 2004, the Canadian government ruled that foods sold in Canada could not be marketed with reduced or eliminated carbohydrate content as a selling point, because reduced carbohydrate content was not determined to be a health benefit. The government ruled that existing "low carb" and "no carb" packaging would have to be phased out by 2006.[176]

Some variants of low-carbohydrate diets involve substantially lowered intake of dietary fiber, which can result in constipation if not supplemented.[citation needed] For example, this has been a criticism of the induction phase of the Atkins diet (the Atkins diet is now clearer about recommending a fiber supplement during induction). Most advocates[who?][dubious discuss] today argue that fiber is a "good" carbohydrate and encourage a high-fiber diet.[citation needed]

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How to lose water weight quickly and naturally – Calorie …

Posted: December 4, 2016 at 1:40 pm

If you are retaining fluid, your clothes may feel tighter, you may feel bloated or weighed down, and you may even look swollen or puffy. There are many reasons why you might be retaining fluid, but what is the quickest and most natural way to get rid of it?

Water weight happens when your body retains fluid. It happens when there is a buildup of fluid in the circulatory system or body tissues. There are many ways that it can be caused including:

When there is a change in pressure inside the capillaries or the capillary walls are too leaky, the water will remain in the tissues, and cause swelling.

If there is too much fluid in the lymphatic system, the excess fluid will remain in the tissues, which causes swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or any other parts of the body.

When the heart fails, in congestive heart failure, the heart has to work harder. This changes the pressure and causes water retention in the legs, feet, ankles and lungs.

Severe protein deficiency.

Insufficient B-vitamins.

During kidney failure

During pregnancy or menstruation

Lack of exercise

Certain medications such as hormone replacement therapy, birth control pills, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and beta blockers.

Eating a lot of high sodium foods

Eating excess sugar.

As you can see, there are many causes of water retention, but depending on what is causing your body retain water, will determine how you should get rid of it. Obviously, if you have a medical condition, such as heart disease or kidney disease, you should see your doctor and they will likely prescribe diuretics for you and may even put you on a fluid restriction.

There are many foods or diuretic aids that may act as natural diuretics and will help produce urine, which helps to remove the fluids from your body.

Apple cider vinegar helps maintain potassium levels and is a natural diuretic

Artichoke

Asparagus contains asparagines, which helps flush the kidneys

Beets helps get rid of fatty deposits

Brussels sprouts

Cabbage help break up fatty deposits

Carrots speed up the metabolism and help remove fat and waste from the body

Cranberry juice

Cucumbers

Fennel

Horseradish also speeds up the metabolism

Lettuce helps flush toxins

Oats

Tomatoes

Watermelon

Dandelion and Dandelion Leaf

Green tea

Parsley

Before trying any of these to help with your water retention, you may want to talk to your doctor to find out what is actually causing your body to retain water. It is also important to treat what is causing you to retain the water, and not to rely on the natural diuretics.

If you are consuming too much sodium or sugar, you should cut back (See also: simple ways to reduce sodium intake). If you arent eating enough protein or B-vitamins, you should find out how much you need and include adequate amounts in your diet (see also: How to eat more protein). You should also make sure that you are getting plenty of exercise and following a healthy diet.

While most diet books are aimed to help people lose excess fat, The Waterfall Diet focuses on getting rid of fluid retention and removing water weight. It is written by Linda Lazarides, a nutritional therapist.

The book states that it might be fluid that is making you overweight, and not fat. The diet is divided into 3 phases. The first phase lasts 2 months, and is meant to help you lose any extra fluid from your body as quickly as possible. This phase focuses on cleaning your body of anything that may be causing you to retain fluid, and may also indicate a possible food allergy. There are very few foods that you can eat, and a long list of foods that you cant eat.

The second phase allows you to reintroduce foods one at a time to see if any of them were causing you to retain fluid.

The third phase should be followed long term, and allows more foods to be eaten, but still recommends that 90% of your diet should consist of the foods that you ate during the first phase.

The diet claims that you can lose up to 14 pounds in 7 days, but states that if your fluid retention is not caused by an allergy, that you may lose weight more slowly.

So, if you are retaining fluid, the first step would, of course, be to see your doctor to see what is causing you to retain fluid to make sure that you dont have an underlying condition.

If you dont have a medical condition that requires diuretics, you can choose to try adding some natural diuretics to your diet and make sure that you are following a healthy diet and doing some type of activity every day. You can also read: Does water make you lose weight. Or, you may want to try The Waterfall Diet to find out if there is an allergy causing you to retain fluid, which should help you lose water weight quickly.

References used in this article

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DietsInReview.com: Leading Diet Review Site, New Healthy …

Posted: December 1, 2016 at 7:50 pm

DietsInReview is the largest and most trusted diet review website on the internet. Since 2007 it has helped people discover which diets work and which dont. There are more than 40,000 diet reviews as well as health and wellness articles. Each year theres a list of the very best diet supplements to help people around the world reach their weight loss goals.

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The Latest Diets and Diet Plan Reviews WebMD

Posted: December 1, 2016 at 3:41 am

Does changing your bodys pH levels through diet have any benefits? Read WebMD's Alkaline Diet review to find out.

WebMD evaluates the Dr. Andrew Weil diet, starting with a basic overview.

Is a diet that allows you to eat things like bacon, cream cheese and steak too good to be true? Get the lowdown on one of the nations most talked-about weight-loss plans.

Does Bob Greenes Best Life Diet work? Read this WebMD diet review to learn about what you can eat on this plan and how effective it is.

Read WebMD's review of the Body for Life diet and exercise program to find out if its right for you.

Read WebMD's review of The Brown Fat Revolution to find out if this diet is for you.

If eating cookies sounds like your kind of diet, read this WebMD review to find out if a cookie diet is right for you.

WebMD evaluates the Dr. Dean Ornish diet philosophy outlined in "The Spectrum: A Scientifically Proven Program to Feel Better, Live Longer, Lose Weight, and Gain Health."

WebMD discusses the effectiveness of Dr. Kushner's Personality Type Diet and explains what to expect.

Does the diet plan formulated by Doctor Oz work? Find out in WebMD's Ultimate Diet review.

WebMD reviews the pros and cons of Dr. Phil's diet, which emphasizes emotions and thought patterns as much as food groups.

"Eat This, Not That" encourages eating a better food than the one you were planning on. Find out from WebMD whether this diet program works.

WebMD discusses pros and cons of following the Eat to Live diet plan by Joel Fuhrman.

Find out with this WebMD diet review if Eat What You Love, Love What You Eat is a weight loss plan that will work for you.

Get the scoop on the French Women Dont Get Fat diet. Does it work? What can you eat?

Have a reunion coming up and need to lose weight fast? Find out from WebMD whether the High School Reunion Diet is right for you.

The two-day-a-week diet: How intermittent fasting can help you lose weight and boost your health.

WebMD reviews the pros and cons of the Jenny Craig diet plan.

Could a low-carbohydrate diet work for you? Read WebMD's overview of the low-carb lifestyle.

The Marthas Vineyard Detox Diet promises rapid weight loss: 21 pounds in 21 days. Read WebMD's review here.

Is the Macrobiotic Diet an effective weight loss plan? Find out in this diet review.

WebMD reviews food writer Mark Bittman's vegan VB6 Diet, including foods you can eat and more.

Find out from WebMD which foods you can eat on the Master Your Metabolism diet and how it claims to work.

Does eating Medifast meal replacements help you lose weight and keep it off? Find out in WebMD's diet review.

WebMD reviews the pros and cons of the Naturally Thin diet, which does away with calorie tracking.

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Lose Weight Fast Without Exercise | No Surgery & Diet …

Posted: December 1, 2016 at 3:41 am

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Detox diets: Do they work? – Mayo Clinic

Posted: November 29, 2016 at 4:41 am

Detoxification (detox) diets are popular, but there is little evidence that they eliminate toxins from your body.

Specific detox diets vary but typically a period of fasting is followed by a strict diet of raw vegetables, fruit and fruit juices, and water. In addition, some detox diets advocate using herbs and other supplements along with colon cleansing (enemas) to empty the intestines.

Some people report feeling more focused and energetic during and after detox diets. However, there's little evidence that detox diets actually remove toxins from the body. Indeed, the kidneys and liver are generally quite effective at filtering and eliminating most ingested toxins.

So why do so many people claim to feel better after detoxification? It may be due in part to the fact that a detox diet eliminates highly processed foods that have solid fats and added sugar. Simply avoiding these high-calorie low-nutrition foods for a few days may be part of why people feel better.

If you're considering a detox diet, get the OK from your doctor first. It's also important to consider possible side effects. Detox diets that severely limit protein or that require fasting, for example, can result in fatigue. Long-term fasting can result in vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

Colon cleansing, which is often recommended as part of a detox plan, can cause cramping, bloating, nausea and vomiting. Dehydration also can be a concern.

Finally, keep in mind that fad diets aren't a good long-term solution. For lasting results, your best bet is to eat a healthy diet based on fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean sources of protein.

If you do choose to do a detox diet, you may want to use it as a way to jump-start making healthier food choices going forward every day.

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Detox diets: Do they work? - Mayo Clinic

How To Lose Weight Fast – 6weekbody.com.au

Posted: November 27, 2016 at 1:42 am

Andothers, if they neglect their health for long enough, will pack on a large amount of body fat.

This can be damaging to your health and embarrassing.

Having a body fat percentage that is within the ideal range is essential to living a long healthy life.

Its very difficult toachieve your ideal body weight if you are regularly practising in self-sabotaginghabits that are not consistent with your health and fitness goals.

However, when you understand there has to be a total lifestyle change, you will be on your way to attaining your dream beach body.

Yes, it is possible to lose weight fast in a healthy manner.

Below is a video of some of my clients that have done my 6-week body transformation program who are living proof

There are two elements thatmust come into play; nutrition and exercise.

You will not get optimum results without both.

The first place to begin when you want to lose weight fast is your nutrition habits. What you eat on a daily basis will define what your body looks like, your body is merely a reflection of your daily habits.

Some people will cut calories too quicklyto achieve fast weight loss, this is a big mistake.

If you cut calories too fastyou will just lose muscle and water, and because muscle is the only tissue that is metabolically expensive (muscle burns calories), you will very soon hit a plateau and find it impossible to continue losing weight. This is why so many peoples weight YO-YO and why so many people actually increase weight as soon as after they finish whatever diet they were on.

At Dangerously Fit, our goal is for our clients to lose between 1-2 kilos of bodyfat per week, every week.

We do this by utilising 3 fat burning methods that work synergistically with one another;

Step One: We reduce your daily calorie intake by 20%,by creating a calorie deficit your body is forced to utilise stored body fat for energy.

Hit the Facebook share button below and use my calorie tool to calculate exactly how many calories your body needs to lose weight (assuming youre exercising 3-4 times per week).

Step Two: We incorporate strength training into your training program, like I said earlier muscle is metabolically expensive, so the more lean muscle tissue you have the more calories your body burns. So, youll be burning heaps more calories 24/7, even while you sleep! Now, ladies dont worry the type of strength training we do will make you look fit and athletic andNOTbig and bulky.

Step Three: We use metabolic conditioning AKA Metcon. Metcon is a style of training that works both energy systems simultaneously (aerobic and anaerobic). This type of training is scientifically proven to burn 9 times more calories that the usual steady state cardio that most people do in gyms.

Bonus Step Four:We practice these 3 new fat burning habits until youreach your ideal bodyweight, if youre consistent weight loss is the only possible outcome!

Here are some more of my 6-week body transformation clients

1. Reduce foods that arehigh in Sugar, Salt and Fat This is a basic principle that should never be ignored. One of the biggest health challenges we face today is the consumption of processed foods. Processed foods are slowly poisoning us with ingredients that are toxic to the body and high levels of salt, sugar and fat that our bodies cannot process. The worst thing about these foods is that they are highly addictive.

Therefore, to lose weight fast, eliminateall processed foods from your diet. Next time you go to the supermarket 90% of your groceries should come from outside isle(fresh foods).

Take a look at your shopping trolley, is it littered with brightly coloured plastic containers or fresh fruit, vegetable, nuts and clean meats?

Remember, your body is a reflection of your lifestyle!

2. Reduce portion sizes Portion sizes is a learned habit that can easily be changed, but unfortunately most people eat more food than they actually need.

Even if you are eating healthy do not eat too much, you can have too much of a good thing!

Add plenty of vegetables to your plate and eat protein with every meal to keep you fuller for longer.

3. Energy in Energy out

Weight loss is actually very simple, a basic mathematical formula that cannot be ignored.

Energy in Energy out = Weight loss or Weight Gain.

There are 7700 calories in 1kilo of bodyfat.

Therefore, to lose 1 kilo of bodyfat per week you must create a weekly calorie deficit of7700 calories.

So youll need to create a daily calorie deficitof 1100 calories, this is actually very easy when you combine the 3 fat burning methods I talked about earlier.

Hit the Facebook share button below and use my calorie tool to calculate exactly how many calories your body needs to lose weight (assuming youre exercising 3-4 times per week).

If you found this article helpful,please Like my Facebook page for more rapid weight loss tips and advice.

And, if you want a proven weight loss program that has got thousands of people from all over the world into incredible shape, check out my 6 Week Body Challenge.

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How To Lose Weight Fast - 6weekbody.com.au

37 Fast Weight Loss Tips or 36 Fast Ways to Lose Weight

Posted: November 26, 2016 at 6:42 am

1. Workout smarter

Did you know you can actually lose more weight & keep your metabolism fired up longer by doing 3-to-4 shorter 10-minute workouts instead of 1 big 30+ minute cardio workout?

A research study at the university of Pittsburgh found that women who split up their 40 minute cardio workouts into 4 separate 10 minute cardio workout sessions during the day LOST 20 pounds while the group of women who did one big 40 minute cardio workout only lost 14 pounds but

The main reason why you're more likely to lose more weight this way is because you'll probably workout more often knowing you only have to workout 10 minutes at a time. See 10 minute workouts you can do at home

2. Take a break to lose weight faster

A University of Tokyo study found that people who took a 20 minute break about halfway thru their hour-long cardio workout burned 20% more fat than the people who worked out for an hour straight non-stop because taking short 20 minute workout breaks makes your fat-burning hormones work much better.

3. Drink Water

Water lowers the amount of fat stored in your body because your kidneys get very lazy on the job when you don't drink enough water and as a result of you not drinking water, your kidneys give most of its unfinished work to your liver.

One of your liver's functions is to help your body burn stored fat for energy and it can't perform that job fully if it has to do the kidney's job also.

By not drinking water you put your liver on double duty, decreasing its fat burning potential and causing you to store more fat. If you drink enough water your kidneys will stop being lazy, do its job of excreting waste products from your body, and Keep reading

4. Fast weight loss = YOU eating more RAW fruits & veggies

5. Drink Green Tea

Studies show you can burn 35-to-43% more fat during the day when you drink 3-to-5 cups of green tea but

If you do not have time to make your own green tea then you can simply take a green tea diet pill supplement or better yet You can use a fat burner like the ones here that have green tea in it along with other fat burning ingredients.

6. Eat more fiber

Because fiber takes so long to be digested by your body, a person eating the recommended 20-35 grams of fiber a day will burn an extra 150 calories a day or lose 16 extra pounds a year.

You'll have an even greater feeling of fullness and higher energy levels throughout the day if you eat meals that are mostly made up of fiber, protein, and water.

Fiber also slows down the digestion of foods you eat keeping your blood sugar/energy levels in check preventing you from getting hungry & overeating. Good sources of fiber are vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, and some cereals.

7. Eat more protein

Protein helps you lose weight faster in 4 ways

If you ate 1000 calories worth of protein your body is only able to use 700 of those calories.

8. Drink Milk

Research indicates that dairy-rich diets can boost weight loss by 70% and most of the body fat lost from these diets was around the midsection.

3-4 servings of dairy products each day like Milk, yogurt, and cheese will do.

9. Limit your salt

Consuming more than the recommend 2500mg (1 tablespoon) of sodium each day will cause you to retain water and gain weight (bloating)

Sodium holds up to 50 times its weight in water.

When you limit the amount of sodium you eat your body will begin to expel some that unwanted water weight.

Thirst is a good indicator that your sodium intake is two high. As your sodium levels get high your body ask for more water to dilute the sodium by making you thirsty.

This is why many bars offer salty snacks such as pretzels and peanuts for free, after customers get thirsty they will order drinks to quench their thirst

To limit your sodium intake stay away from foods like canned soups, fast foods, and cured meats.

Instead of seasonings and MSG use lemons, garlic, pepper, caraway, tarragon, or anything low that's low in sodium for flavor. The nutritional facts label of any food product shows how much sodium a food item has.

10. Get more active

Adding a little physical activity to your daily routine will help you start losing weight quicker than you can imagine.

Don't Worry, getting more active doesn't mean you have to sign up at a gym and take tae-bo or start participating in marathons regularly!

There are many ways that you can gradually become more active to lose weight.

For example:

Those are just a few examples of ways that you can gradually start adding physical activity to your daily routine. It may not seem like much in the beginning but all the extra calories you burn by doing these little activities adds up to you losing more weight.

Challenge yourself by adding 5 minutes of extra physical activity to your daily routine everyday JUST GET ACTIVE!

11. Wake up & Workout!

As soon as you wake up in the morning workout for at least 30min to an hour. Studies show that working out in the morning has been shown to burn up to 3 times as more fat as opposed to working out at any other time during the day. See why here

12. Eat or skip breakfast?

Do what's best for you but these are the facts

Eating breakfast will cause you to be less likely to overeat during the day.

A Study at the University of Texas at El Paso found that people who ate breakfast also ate 100 less calories a day and if you eat 100 less calories every day for one year then you'll easily lose 10 pounds.

But skipping breakfast or Intermittent fasting actually increases your metabolism to help you burn fat faster.

13. Lift heavier weights to burn fat faster

If you lift heavy weights (that allow you to only do 3-to-12 reps per set) you'll burn more calories during your weight training workout than if you lifted lighter weights for 12 or more reps and the reason is simple

You burn more calories or use much more energy lifting heavier weights plus you'll get a much greater after burn effect from lifting heavier weights because of the high intensity. See what after burn has to do with weight loss

14. Do cardio last to blast fat fast

Before you hop on the bike or treadmill for an hour it's best that you spend 45 minutes doing a muscle building or body sculpting workout to use up most of your body's stored carbs or glycogen for energy so when you do get ready to do your cardio or HIIT workout

Your body will burn more fat for energy during your cardio workout because you already used up most of your body's stored carbs for energy during your 45 minute muscle building or body sculpting workout and

This tip is almost like fast weight loss tip #11 where you workout with most of your stored carbs GONE so you can burn more fat but get this

Japanese researchers recently found that lifting weights first helps you release more growth hormone which in turn helps your body release more fat to be burned for energy while doing cardio or HIIT

15. Walk 10,000 steps a day & lose an extra 10 pounds a year

If you don't have time to go on an exercise program - Buy a pedometer, wear it, and try to get in 10,000 steps a day to burn an extra 100 calories or more everyday which adds up to you losing over 10 pounds a year with minimal effort on your part.

16. Use music to lose weight fast

Use your favorite music to keep you motivated and energized longer during your weight loss workouts to reach your weight loss goals faster.

This study shows that overweight people who did their weight loss workouts to music lost an average of 16 pounds or twice as much as the people who didn't workout with music. See other ways to get motivated to lose weight fast.

17. Switch To a Mediterranean Diet As Soon As Possible

Which people are the leanest, least overweight, longest lived, and have lowest rates of chronic disease on earth?

The people from the Asia & the Mediterranean regions do.

The main reason why these people are the leanest and least overweight of all people on earth is that they eat a healthy balanced diet.

Their diets include an Abundance of Plant Foods (complex carbs) like rice and other grains, noodles, flatbreads, potatoes, fruits and vegetables (including sea vegetables), nuts, seeds, beans, various soy foods, other legumes, vegetable and nut oils, herbs and spices, and plant-based beverages including tea.

They eat fish, poultry, and eggs in low to moderate amounts and only eat red meat sparingly. Tea, wine, Beer and other Alcoholic Beverages are only enjoyed in moderation.

Their diets are low in saturated and total fat with most of the fats consumed are the good fats that come from nuts, legumes, vegetable, and nut oils - See this sample Healthy Mediterranean Recipe

18. Have water or vegetable juice before meals

Drinking a glass of water or vegetable juice before your meals will suppress your appetite so you will not eat that much so you can lose weight faster. See more things you can drink to lose weight fast.

19. Remember to take your multivitamins every day!

Research shows that men & women who take multivitamins daily have lower bodyweights & less body fat and when you don't get the right amount of nutrients

Your appetite will increase so you'll eat more (and probably gain weight) to get the nutrients you need and taking multivitamins prevents this so

20. Make Yourself heavier to lose weight faster

The more you weigh = the more calories you'll burn while exercising (See why) and you can make yourself heavier by wearing a Weight Vest or backpack to burn more calories during your fat loss workouts and

You only need to add an extra 10-to-40 pounds or up to 20% of your bodyweight to your weight vest or backpack to lose weight faster.

21. Sleep Just Right

Don't sleep too long or TOO short because according to this study People who slept TOO LONG (over 8 hours) & people who slept TOO SHORT (under 6 hours) were more likely to gain weight than people who slept the normal 7-to-8 hours and

When you don't get enough sleep the levels of leptin in your body are lowered. Leptin is a blood protein that suppresses your appetite and with your levels of leptin being lowered

The levels of ghrelin in your body are increased. Ghrelin is a hormone that increase your appetite which will make you more likely to gain weight. See 33 Secrets to a Good Night's Sleep

Sleep is also important for

22. CHEW your food longer and lose weight faster

You should chew everything you eat at least 8-12 times. Eat slowly. Your body doesn't realize that you've had enough to eat until several minutes after you've had it.

If you eat too fast you'll fill yourself up and possibly eat more on top of that.

If you chew your food more than usual, not only will you eat more slowly, but you'll also trick your body into thinking it's had more to eat.

23. How to eat a lot more & Lose more weight than people who diet

If you exercise for 45+ minutes at a moderate-to-high intensity at least 5 times a week You'll be able to eat up to 500 more calories a day than the actually calories you need to lose weight simply because

You burn the most calories when exercising for long periods of time at higher intensities meaning you can get away with eating an extra snack everyday and still lose 1-to-2 pounds a week but overall

You'll still lose weight faster if you DO NOT Eat back the calories you burn exercising

24. Use baby utensils to prevent overeating

Use smaller plates instead of big ones to limit your meal or portion sizes and also use baby forks or spoons so that'll force you to take smaller bites which will make your meal last longer plus you FEEL full quicker on less calories.

See 10 Simple Mind Hacks to Help You Lose Weight Faster

25. Eat and run walk

Take a 5-10 minute walk after each meal. It doesn't have to be a walk, but any activity will do. The reason you should do this is because it increases the amount of calories you burn during digestion.

26. WALK! & DON'T RUN to maintain your weight

According to a study in the International Journal of Obesity People who walked at least 12 miles a week (or 1-to-2 miles a day) no matter how fast or slow they walked were able to maintain their weight.

27. Please Avoid sodas - Even Diet sodas

Since regular soda is basically a weight gainer drink and since water is a 0 calorie weight loss drink You would lose 1 pound every week if you replaced 2 bottles of soda with 2 bottles of water. See how to stop drinking soda

Some studies now link high consumption of diet soda with weight gain because even though diet sodas have 0 calories The artificial sweeteners increase your cravings for sugars and other foods that make you gain weight and as a matter of fact

This study showed that people who drank diet soda increased their waistlines 6 times more than people who drank any other kind of drink including regular soda!

28. And Don't Drink Juice !

Most juice drinks contain too much sugar & artificial ingredients and not enough fiber to do any good for weight loss.

Excerpt from:
37 Fast Weight Loss Tips or 36 Fast Ways to Lose Weight

List of diets – Wikipedia

Posted: November 24, 2016 at 4:41 am

An individual's diet is the sum of food and drink that he or she habitually consumes. Dieting is the practice of attempting to achieve or maintain a certain weight through diet.[1] People's dietary choices are often affected by a variety of factors, including ethical and religious beliefs, clinical need, or a desire to control weight.

Not all diets are considered healthy. Some people follow unhealthy diets through habit, rather than through a conscious choice to eat unhealthily. Terms applied to such eating habits include "junk food diet" and "Western diet". Many diets are considered by clinicians to pose significant health risks and minimal long-term benefit. This is particularly true of "crash" or "fad" diets short-term weight-loss plans that involve drastic changes to a person's normal eating habits.

Only diets covered on Wikipedia are listed.

A vegetarian diet is one which excludes meat. Vegetarians also avoid food containing by-products of animal slaughter, such as animal-derived rennet and gelatin.[2]

A desire to lose weight is a common motivation to change dietary habits, as is a desire to maintain an existing weight. Many weight loss diets are considered by some to entail varying degrees of health risk, and some are not widely considered to be effective. This is especially true of "crash" or "fad" diets.

Many of the diets listed below could fall into more than one subcategory. Where this is the case, it is noted in that diet's entry.

A very low calorie diet is consuming fewer than 800 calories per day. Such diets are normally followed under the supervision of a doctor.[13]

"Zero-calorie diets are also included"

Crash diet and fad diet are general terms. They describe diet plans which involve making extreme, rapid changes to food consumption, but are also used as disparaging terms for common eating habits which are considered unhealthy. Both types of diet are often considered to pose health risks.[20] Many of the diets listed here are weight-loss diets which would also fit into other sections of this list. Where this is the case, it will be noted in that diet's entry.

Detox diets involve either not consuming or attempting to flush out substances that are considered unhelpful or harmful. Examples include restricting food consumption to foods without colorings or preservatives, taking supplements, or drinking large amounts of water. The latter practice in particular has drawn criticism, as drinking significantly more water than recommended levels can cause hyponatremia.[30]

Some people's dietary choices are influenced by their religious, spiritual or philosophical beliefs.

People's dietary choices are sometimes affected by intolerance or allergy to certain types of food. There are also dietary patterns that might be recommended, prescribed or administered by medical professionals for people with specific medical needs.

The rest is here:
List of diets - Wikipedia


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