Some individuals require a 2,000 calorie diet to maintain a moderate weight, while others may need to reduce or increase their calorie intake to 2,000 to lose or gain weight.

Although calorie needs vary from person to person, following a 2,000 calorie diet can provide a basis for planning healthful meals.

A balanced 2,000 calorie diet includes all the food groups that someone needs to stay healthy. These diets aim to limit foods that put people at risk of chronic conditions and unhealthful weight gain.

This article discusses how many calories people need and provides a way for them to calculate it. It also looks at foods to eat and avoid when following a 2,000 calorie diet and the importance of nutrient density.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) use 2,000 calories per day as a standard for nutrition advice on food labels.

However, the number of calories that someone needs may be higher or lower than 2,000 per day.

Indeed, the number of calories a person needs will vary depending on their:

For example, according to United States Dietary Guidelines, adult females aged 1950 years who are moderately active need around 2,0002,200 calories per day. Meanwhile, moderately active adult males aged 1950 years require around 2,4002,800 calories per day.

A person can work out how many calories they need by using the MyPlate Plan tool.

Learn more about the number of calories a person needs here.

If a person consumes too many calories, they can gain weight. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of adult obesity in the U.S. was 42.4% in 20172018.

The CDC also note that obesity-related conditions result in some of the greatest medical costs.

People can lose excess weight by eating around 5001,000 calories fewer per day and aiming for a weight loss of around 12 pounds per week.

Nutrient density, or nutrient profiling, is a term that defines how many nutrients are in foods. Nutrition experts usually express the nutrient content of foods per 100 calories, per 100 grams (g), or per serving.

Nutrient dense foods contain more nutrients than calories and are low in fat, sugar, and salt.

The beneficial nutrients that these foods contain include:

When following a healthful diet, people should consider the nutrient density of foods as well as their calorie content. For example, a sweet muffin has a similar number of calories to a chicken stir fry but fewer beneficial nutrients.

The latter is also more likely to help a person feel fuller for longer.

People should try to eat a variety of healthful foods when following a 2,000 calorie diet.

The following list recommends some foods to eat based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 20152020:

People should try to avoid foods that contain high amounts of sugar, fat, and salt. The calories in unhealthful foods can quickly add up to 2,000 without giving the person the essential nutrients their body needs.

The list below recommends some foods to avoid and limit based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 20152020:

If a person is unsure of how much they need to eat to reach 2,000 calories, the following is an example of a 2,000 calorie day:

Following a 2,000 calorie diet can help someone plan their meals to reach or maintain a moderate weight. However, the number of calories a person needs is unique to them, so this diet might not be right for everyone.

A healthful diet includes all the food groups that someone needs to obtain essential nutrients. People should try to eat a variety of foods as part of a 2,000 calorie diet, rather than eating repetitive meals.

Also, focusing on nutrient density can help people make more healthful choices.

Read this article:
2,000 calorie diet: Is it healthful? - Medical News Today

Looking for a high quality, bed-in-a-box mattress that provides a good level of comfort and support, at a competitive price? Casper vs Purple may well be the comparison you're considering. The Casper Original and the Purple Mattress are very popular options, and at first glance its not obvious how to choose between them.

There are, on the face of it, many similarities between these two market-leading mattresses. Theyre both bed-in-a-box mattresses (although to be pedantic, the Purple mattress actually comes in a bag). Both are manufactured in the USA. They're both sold online. Both come with free shipping to the continental United States, and a 10 year warranty. And theyre both sold at a very similar price.

There is, however, one major difference. Although they look similar from the outside, on the inside the design of these two mattresses is radically different. And that means they feel very different to sleep on in. In this Casper vs Purple face-off article, well explain how you can best choose between them.

(Image credit: Casper)

(Image credit: Casper)

(Image credit: Casper)

(Image credit: Casper)

The Casper Original is an all-foam mattress. There are three layers in total. The top layer of perforated foam incorporates Airscape technology to increase airflow so you dont get too hot at night.A second layer of premium foam is divided into three ergonomic zones to help align your spine and provide pressure relief. This layer sinks down under the pressure of your shoulders but remains firm around the hips, waist and lower back.Finally, a third base layer of high-density polyfoam is engineered to prevent sinking and sagging while supporting your whole body.

(Image credit: Purple)

(Image credit: Purple)

(Image credit: Purple)

(Image credit: Purple)

The Purple Mattress

The Purple Mattress also has a base layer of polyfoam, but there the similarity ends. The company, which was originally crowdfunded via Kickstarter, has invented its own unique filling for mattresses, which it calls Hyper-Elastic Polymer. This is a stretchy, spongy, gel-like material that works in a different way to memory foam.

Memory foam responds to the weight of your body in a proportionate way: the more you push down, the more it gives. Hyper-Elastic Polymer, however, remains firm as you push down on it but only up to a certain point, at which it gives way. It's an original and inventive method of combining the firmness needed for spinal alignment with the softness required for pressure relief.

Verdict: Purple wins

The Casper Original and Purple Mattress are both constructed from high quality materials and designed in a thoughtful way. As a result, both mattress do a great job of striking the right balance between support and pressure relief. Purple is our winner here, though, by pushing mattress technology forward and creating something fresh and unique.

(Image credit: Casper)

The Casper Original

Cheap all-foam mattresses are notorious for giving the sleeper a sinking feeling, and for overheating at night. However, the Casper avoids these issues masterfully.The aerated top layer provides great airflow, and allows the mattress to be temperature neutral. And the zoned support and effective combination of foam layers means it provides effective support along with pressure relief.Lie on it and you experience the cradling feel of traditional memory foam, moulding to your bodys shape, while avoiding the feeling of sinking into the material: a great trick to pull off.

(Image credit: Purple)

The Purple Mattress

Because the Hyper-Elastic Polymer heart of the Purple Mattress is laid out as a grid, it does even better at promoting airflow and thus keeping you cool at night than the Casper. At the same the Hyper-Elastic Polymer material does a marvellous job at pressure relief on hips and shoulders, while the mattress stays firm overall, keeping you in good spinal alignment.

On the negative side, because its so unfamiliar, its not everybodys cup of tea. Many people love it; but some just dont like the feel of it... although they usually find it difficult to explain why. The Casper Original and the Purple mattress are both close to a medium-firm, but the latter is just slightly firmer on the whole. For the average person, wed describe them as a 6.5 and 7 respectively.

Verdict: Draw

If you like the feel of traditional memory foam, youll prefer the Casper Original; if you prefer a slightly firmer and springier feel, the Purple Mattress will appeal more. But in objective terms, both are very comfortable and supportive in their own way

Being slightly firmer, the Purple mattress is arguably a better bet for heavier people, back sleepers and stomach sleepers. By the same reasoning, the Casper Original is the one wed recommend to side sleepers and lighter people.

Casper and Purple are keen to match each other on price, so its important to keep track of the latest discounts to see which is cheaper at any one time.On the day of writing, the Purple Mattress was $599 for a Twin, $799 for a Twin XL, $999 for a Full, $1,149 for a Queen, $1,449 for a King or Cal King, and $1,598 for a Split King.

Today's best purple mattress deals

The Purple Mattress - Twin

Purple Mattress - Twin XL

The Casper Original, meanwhile, was slightly cheaper at $536 for a Twin, $626 for a Twin QL, $896 for a Full, $986 for a Queen, and $1,166 for a King or Cal King.

Today's best Casper Original Mattress deals

CASPER ORIGINAL Foam Mattress...

Casper Original 11-Inch Foam...

Casper Original: The Best...

Casper Original Foam Queen...

Confusing the situation slightly is the fact that sales are very common in the mattress world, so in reality a Purple mattress promo code or a great Nectar discount code or deal could change things entirely. Purple doesn't regularly offer huge discounts, but there will occasionally be a great price drop. Nectar occasionally knocks a bit of money off its mattress range, but more commonly you'll see sleep accessories bundled in which is an excellent money saver if you need sheets, pillows etc, but not so much if you don't.

Verdict: Casper wins

Casper was slightly cheaper than Purple at all bed sizes at the time we wrote this article. However, by the time youre reading this, things may have changed, so do check the latest cheap mattress deals for the current situation.

(Image credit: Casper)

Casper Original

When you buy an Casper mattress, you get a 100-day free trial period, and can have the mattress collected free-of-charge within that period, if you decide you dont want it. It comes with a 10-year guarantee, and free returns for unsatisfied customers. Casper ships anywhere in the US or Canada. Shipping is free to the 48 contiguous United States. White glove delivery costs $149.

Purple Mattress

Purple also offers a 100-day free trial period on its mattress, although you need to wait 21 days before returning it. You can ask for either a refund or an exchange. Your mattress also comes with a 10-year guarantee. Purple ships anywhere in the US and most of Canada. Shipping is free to the 48 contiguous United States. White glove delivery is not available.

Verdict: Draw

Both companies offer excellent customer service and benefits that are virtually identical. If white glove delivery is crucial to you, then go for the Casper, although be aware you'll have to pay for it.

(Image credit: Purple)

Casper Original

The Casper has received good feedback from customers, with an average rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars from 557 reviewers on Amazon. 76% gave the Casper a five-star rating, while only 5% gave a one-star rating.

Trust Pilot averages the Casper brand at 4.3 out of 5 stars, across almost 6,000 reviews. The majority of user feedback is positive, with only 10 per cent rating it poor or bad. Most of this negative feedback concerns customer service, although others have complained that it is either too soft or too firm.

Purple Mattress

The Purple has a score of 4 out of 5 stars on Amazon, based on 670 reviews to date. It has received five-star reviews from 66% of them, and one-star reviews from 11 per cent. Purple as a whole is rated at 3.4 out of 5 stars on Trust Pilot: however, weirdly there are just 10 reviews there in total, so theres not really much to go on there.

Winner: Casper

While theres not much in it, Casper just pips Purple to the post in terms of both the number of online reviews and its customer ratings overall.

In practice, both Casper and Purple are fantastic mattresses, and do a great job of reaching the mattress version of the Holy Grail: ie striking the right balance between support and pressure relief. However, as weve outlined above, they do it in very different ways: one reassuringly traditional, one new and radical. So which one you choose is really going to come down to your gut instinct.

There are also some small details to consider. If youre a heavier person, tend to overheat at night, sleep mainly on your back or stomach, or a combination of these, wed suggest choosing the Purple Mattress. Conversely if youre a medium or light weight, sleep mainly on your side or in multiple positions, or a combination of these, wed suggest choosing the Casper Original.

More broadly, if you generally like the feel of an all-foam mattress, then go for the Casper Original. However, if you havent got on with traditional foaam, and are willing to try something new and different, then go for the Purple Mattress.

Finally, if none of these considerations particularly speak to you, then be aware that these are both great mattresses, and just see which one offers the better discount right now!

More here:
Casper vs Purple mattress: Which is better? - T3

I check and track down my progress every week to see how well I am doing.

My husband is also a great source of motivation. To keep my enthusiasm high, he would skip dinner with me sometimes!

I also put on some of my clothes which I couldn't even fit into earlier. This encourages me to keep working on myself and move forward every week.

How do you ensure you dont lose focus? To be very honest, I lost focus a lot many times. I always felt low on confidence and when I couldnt really see a difference in the number initially, it pained me. Plus, PCOS battle made it more difficult.

However, each time I failed, I learnt a lesson. Over the course of 1.5 years, I learnt to chase progress, and not just the number on the scale.

Whats the most difficult part of being overweight? Quite a lot. Simple tasks become difficult, you encounter so many challenges on a daily basis. Plus, being body shamed impacts your self-esteem and confidence levels. I was seldom mocked at, and referred to as the fattest woman in the room. Hormonal imbalances, mood swings and the pressure you face from society, it makes things so difficult.

See the article here:
Weight loss: I followed 16 hours of daily fasting and walked every day - Times of India

Whole wheat jaggery cake is perfect for weight loss diet.

Highlights

The chilly winter works up our appetite to crave for sweet treats that not only satiate our soul but also bring a sense of warmth. When it comes to cakes, we prefer a fudgy tea cake that is slightly heated up. Dense homemade cakes are the best thing to dig in this weather. But if it also fills you with guilt, it kills half of the fun and pleasure. So, here we have the perfect cake recipe for you that you can make for your winter weight loss diet and indulge in any time without hesitation.

This cake replaces refined all-purpose flour with healthier whole wheat flour (atta) and uses jaggery (gur) in place of refined sugar. Also, curd and milk take place of butter/egg yolk to make this healthy yet delicious cake.

(Also Read:10 Delicious, Sugar-Free Indian Desserts You Can Make At Home)

Jaggery is known to be a healthy sugar alternativePhoto Credit: iStock

Promoted

Ingredients:

(Dry ingredients)

1 cup whole wheat flour1 cup jaggery1 teaspoon baking powderA pinch of salt

(Wet ingredients)Half cup milkHalf cup curd1/4 cup oil1 teaspoon vanilla extract

Method -

Step 1 - Switch on the oven and leave it for pre-heating at 180 degrees C for 10-15 minutes.

Step 2 - Grind jaggery till it turns into powder without any lumps.

Step 3 - Whisk milk, curd and oil together in a bowl. Add vanilla extract and mix well.

Step 4 - In a separate bowl, mix whole wheat flour, salt and baking powder. Sift it through a colander and add it to a bowl of milk and curd batter.

Step 5 - Add jaggery powder and mix everything together to make a smooth batter. If the batter is too thick, you can add some more milk.

Step 6 - Add dry fruits to the batter and pour it in a baking dish greased with butter, oil or ghee and lined with butter paper.

Step 7 - Bake the cake at 180 degrees C for 25-30 minutes. Check and bake for more time if not done yet.

To check if the cake is baked, insert a toothpick all the way down to the centre of the cake and pull it out. If it comes out clean, your cake is baked.

(Also Read:Baking Tips: 6 Genius Hacks To Make Perfect Cakes)

About Neha GroverLove for reading roused her writing instincts. Neha is guilty of having a deep-set fixation with anything caffeinated. When she is not pouring out her nest of thoughts onto the screen, you can see her reading while sipping on coffee.

More:
Winter Weight Loss: This Atta Gur Cake Is Ideal For Healthy, Guilt-Free Indulgence - NDTV Food

Walking and running are both suitable forms of exercise for weight loss and heart health. The benefits and risks depend on a persons goals and current level of health and fitness.

While both activities allow a person to burn calories, lose weight, and lower their risk of heart disease, there is much debate over which is better.

Read on to learn more about the benefits and risks.

Cardiovascular exercise is also known simply as cardio. It often uses major muscle groups in the body, gets the heart pumping faster, and increases breathing rate.

Walking and running are both types of cardio.

Cardio exercises offer numerous health benefits, including:

One study examined the benefits of exercise for mental health and found that 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, such as brisk walking, was enough to reduce anxiety and depression, alongside its other health benefits.

Walking and running provide similar health benefits, but running has a calorie-burning edge over walking.

According to the American Council on Exercise, a person who is 160 pounds burns approximately 15.1 calories per minute while running. In contrast, a person of the same weight burns around 8.7 calories per minute walking.

The number of calories a person burns while walking and running depends on several factors, including:

Running burns more calories per minute than walking. However, walkers can still burn the same number of calories by doing so for longer.

However, depending on a persons goals, walking and running can still offer the same benefits.

Both walking and running are suitable for losing weight, boosting mental health, and improving overall health.

One study published in the journal Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology concluded that walking and running reduced the risk of hypertension, high cholesterol levels, coronary heart disease, and diabetes.

However, the study did not directly address whether walking or running could benefit heart health and cardio.

Another report by the American Heart Association states that brisk walking at least 150 minutes per week is associated with a lower risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.

Studies have found that storing a lot of fat in the midsection is associated with the risk of diseases, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Whether choosing walking or running, exercise can help a person reduce their belly fat.

One study found that regular aerobic exercises, such as walking, reduced belly fat and helped people manage obesity.

Walking and running help burn calories in the body, but they also help reduce belly fat, depending on the intensity of the exercise.

However, running may help reduce belly fat more effectively. One study in 27 middle-aged females with obesity found that those who participated in high-intensity exercise training lost significantly more belly fat than those who did low-intensity exercise or no exercise training for 16 weeks.

Scientists need to perform more research comparing the effects of walking and running on belly fat reduction.

For example, a 2018 review found that low-intensity exercise was more effective in reducing abdominal fat, while high-intensity training had a bigger effect in decreasing overall body fat.

People who want to lose belly fat should consider speaking with their doctor, who can help them determine the best exercise program and diet for their needs.

While running and walking offer various health benefits, including maintaining a healthy weight and improving heart health, they may also come with risks.

There is a higher risk of injury with running than walking. This is because running is of higher intensity and puts more stress on the body the joints in particular.

One study found that walkers have a lower risk of injury, while runners have a high risk.

Some of the most common injuries associated with running include:

For runners, it is crucial to take steps to reduce the risk of running-related injuries.

If a person has concerns about exercise-related injuries, they could consider walking instead, which offers similar health benefits to running, with a reduced risk of injury.

Those with arthritis, heart disease, or other chronic health conditions who are considering running should consult their doctor first.

Depending on a persons goals, walking and running are appropriate forms of exercise. Both can help people maintain a moderate weight and improve their heart health, mental health, and more.

No matter which form of exercise a person chooses, they will see positive results with regular participation.

For those starting a fitness journey, walking might be a more suitable choice since it involves low or moderate intensity. However, for people whose goal is to burn more calories, running may be more appropriate.

Read the original post:
Walking vs. running: Weight loss, heart health, and more - Medical News Today

Actress Sara Ali Khan was spotted having some fun at the gym

Winter is here in full swing and getting off from the bed to exercise may be getting difficult by the day. But you must know that exercising regularly is extremely important for your health, immunity and weight. However, the same cannot be accomplished unless you have fun while exercising. You need to do workouts that you enjoy and you probably also need a friend or two, to really enjoy exercising.

Actress Sara Ali Khan was recently seen having quite some fun in the gym. The actress was seen dancing along with Sanky Evrus, dancing (and exercising) at funky Bollywood track from the 90s!

Also read:Weight Loss: Revealed! Intricate Details Of A Nutritionist's Diet Plan

In the video below, the actress can be seen doing side-lying leg lift, until Evrus, who is also a hair artist, lures her to get up and join him to dance instead.

The video was instantly flooded with comments from Ranveer Singh, Manish Malhotra and Varun Dhawan, who is also Sara's co-actor in their upcoming movie Coolie No 1. While Dhawan commented, "I love the guy trying to workout in the background", Malhotra wrote, "Bollywood dancing in the gym", and Ranveer Singh wrote, "No words, just no words".

Also read:5 Simple Yet Effective Ways To Increase Your Daily Step Count, From A Fitness Trainer

Now this is exactly what we're talking about! A little fun here and there, can help you keep going, no matter what you do. It is important to enjoy what you're doing, else you will not be able to continue with it, or may give up in between.

So as part of Monday Motivation today, call up a friend and make plan for working out together in evening. Instead of sitting in a caf or at home to have coffee, go for a nice cycling or running session. If you don't want to step outdoors, here's a bootcamp workout which you can follow along by watching the video below.

Also read:#MondayMotivation: Here Are A Few Home Workouts That You Can Try Today

Sweat trainer Kayla Itsines guides you through each exercise, the form and duration of it. One lap of this workout can be completed in just six minutes. This is a fun and fast-paced full body workout that you can do at home without any equipment. It can surely add fun to your exercise routine today. Let's do this!

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.

Read the original:
Sara Ali Khan Dancing At The Gym On A 90s B'wood Track Is All The Motivation You Need To Exercise Today - NDTV

This study was originally published on PracticalCardiology.com.

A recent comparison by investigators at Childrens Hospital Colorado is offering insight into the effects of bariatric surgery versus standard medical therapy on future cardiovascular disease risk in obese teens with type 2 diabetes.

An analysis of the Teen-LABS and the TODAY studies, results suggest undergoing bariatric surgery was associated with nearly 3-fold reductions in long-term risk of heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke, and coronary death among teenagers with type 2 diabetes compared to those only managed medically.

"Bariatric surgery is currently the only treatment available for youth with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes that results in considerable and durable weight loss and improvement in blood sugar levels in the majority of patients. With this study, our intent was to further demonstrate the benefits of bariatric surgery in adolescents by proving that it also leads to significantly lower long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, saidlead investigator Petter Bjornstad, MD, an endocrinologist at Children's Hospital Colorado, in a statement.

With the prevalence and societal burden of obesity and type 2 diabetes continuing to grow, Bjornstad and a team of colleagues sought to compare the 30-year risk for cardiovascular disease events among patients with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity. To do so, investigators designed their study to compare data collected from patients in the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) the Treatment Options of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) studies.

From Teen-LABS, investigators identified a cohort of 30 participants who were of similar age and racial distribution as the 63 patients identified from the TODAY study for inclusion in the study. Of note, all patients from the Teen-LABS study underwent bariatric surgery and those from the TODAY study received metformin alone or in combination with rosiglitazone or intensive lifestyle intervention, with insulin therapy given for glycemic progression.

Patients from Teen-LABS had a mean age of 16.9 (SD, 1.3) years, 70% were female, 60% were white, and the mean BMI was 54.4 (SD, 9.5) kg/m2. Patients from TODAY had a mean age of 15.3 (SD, 1.3) years, 56% were female, 71% were white, and the mean BMI was 40.5 (SD, 4.9) kg/m2.

The primary outcome of the analysis was the difference in 30-year cardiovascular disease event score developed by the Framingham Heart Study. Investigators assessed this risk at baseline and again after 1 year and 5 years of follow-up.

At baseline, the likelihood of cardiovascular disease events was higher among those in Teen-LABS study than those in the TODAY study (17.66 [SD, 1.33] vs 12.11 [SD, .79]; P=.002). After 1 year, analysis indicated those in Teen-LABS had a significantly lower event risk than those in TODAY (6.79 [SD, 1.33] vs 13.64 [SD, 0.96]; P <.0001). Further analysis indicated this difference was sustained through the 5-year follow-up (adjusted P <.0001).

"The high cardiovascular disease risk observed in TODAY participants, despite their lower baseline BMI, underscores the inadequacy of standard medical therapy in mitigating the risk of cardiovascular events, and calls for more aggressive therapy in this at-risk population," saidThomas H. Inge, MD, PhD, Teen-LABS principal investigator, anddirector of pediatric surgery and the bariatric centerat Children's Hospital Colorado, in the aforementioned statement. "While longer-term studies are needed to determine whether the risk score predictions hold true, the long-term cardiovascular health prospects associated with bariatric surgery in adolescents appear to be very positive."

This study, Effect of surgical versus medical therapy on estimated cardiovascular event risk among adolescents with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity, was published in Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases.

The rest is here:
Weight Loss Surgery Bests Medical Therapy for Reducing CVD in Obese Teens - Endocrinology Network

Metabolic surgery can free two-thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes from the use of insulin, new research suggests.

An analysis of post-surgery outcomes of nearly 2,000 patients with obesity and diabetes requiring insulin, co-ordinated by the Irish Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (Irspen) and the British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society found that surgery is more effective and cheaper than insulin.

Some 67 per cent of patients were no longer using insulin one year after metabolic surgery and 37 per cent achieved remission of their diabetes altogether, the analysis found.

Metabolic surgery is a term used to describe weight loss treatments and procedures, such as a gastric bypass, to treat metabolic diseases such as diabetes in obese people.

The research included a broad cohort of patients across Ireland and the UK and analysed their outcomes between 2009 and 2017.

Prof Helen Heneghan from the National Metabolic Surgery Centre at St Vincents hospital, said on average patients also lost around a quarter of their bodyweight and the improvements persisted for at least four years.

Prof Heneghan said prior to this analysis, questions remained if surgery would be as effective for patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin, as these patients also have a higher chance of diabetes complications.

This research now confirms metabolic surgery is also the most effective medical treatment for the majority of patients with more severe type 2 diabetes who use insulin, she said.

Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin. Obesity and age both increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

There are more than 200,000 people living with diabetes in Ireland, according to Diabetes Ireland, most of whom have type 2 diabetes.

In a second part of the study, Irspen member Prof Carel le Roux said surgery was also found to be more cost effective than medication.

The researchers costed the surgery against if the same patients had been treated with medicines alone. Although an operation costs 8,000, researchers found that this figure was less than the ongoing cost of medications, she said.

With costs of treatment side-effects and any complications of diabetes were also considered, the average patient treated with surgery was expected to save the health system 4,000 over five years, while also living with better health outcomes.

Read more:
Weight-loss surgery most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes patients - The Irish Times