Yale researchers have linked the AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus with over-exercising compulsions in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Beatriz Horta 12:44 am, Nov 12, 2020

Staff Reporter

YaleNews

Yale scientists have found specific neurons in the brain can regulate the symptom of over-exercising in patients with anorexia nervosa.

School of Medicine research affiliate Maria Consolata Miletta, the first author of the study, said the researchers used a method called the activity-based anorexia model, in which mice on a low-calorie diet who have a running wheel in their cages will over-exercise. The scientists found that specific agouti-related peptide, or AgRP, neurons located in the hypothalamus will show greater activation and stimulate the reward systems in the brain when mice are over-exercising while fasting.

According to Tamas Horvath,the chair of the comparative medicine department, who was also an author in the study, this implied that these neurons cause people to undergo vigorous exercise in nutrient deficient conditions one of the main symptoms of anorexia nervosa.

The animals in which we activated these neurons, they were running better and had better stamina, Horvath said. They would actually run much better than control animals where we didnt do anything.

Horvath said that the AgRP neurons have been a research interest of his since he became a postdoctoral associate at Yale in 1990. He explained that many behaviors are altered when our bodies display hunger, which is due to the hormonal and neurological effects of a lack of energy. Located deep in the brain in the hypothalamus these neurons have been shown to be affected by the hormone ghrelin, which is released when a person is hungry.

In a previous study, Horvath and his colleagues found that AgRP neurons mediated the feeling of reward in compulsive behaviors from fasting mice. This finding led them to hypothesize that these neurons could also be activated in disorders with compulsive behaviors, including anorexia.

The paper is arguing that these neurons are fundamentally important to properly allocate available fuels that you are having in your body, stored at the time of low nutrient availability, Horvath said. Through that, theyre capable of supporting functions such as exercise.

According to Miletta, anorexia nervosa is the psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate, so a study like this could be imperative in changing the way scientists think about the disease and therapeutic approaches and potentially save lives. Current treatment involves the administering of antidepressants to control harmful behaviors such as over-exercising.

Horvath stated that their findings could change the way the field thinks about an anorexic patients ability to control their self-image and compulsive behaviors. Neurons located in deeper brain areas, such as the hypothalamus, are not necessarily under conscious control and may not be affected by treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

If you have a mindset of if I undergo behavior therapy, if I conceptualize and think about things, I am going to be able to be in charge, that may or may not work because these neurons are deep inside and you are not capable of controlling them, Horvath said.

Miletta also described the other finding of the study when food-restricted mice were later given a high-fat non-restricted diet, they had lower death rates compared to mice who later received a regular non-restricted diet. This indicates another potential treatment change for anorexic people, where those in recovery are given high fat diets in the refeeding phase the stage in anorexia treatment where doctors have patients start to slowly eat again. The researchers have speculated that this might improve their overall outcome and increase their chance of survival.

According to senior research scientist at the Yale School of Medicine Xiao-Bing Gao, one of the studys most important findings is the implication that anorexia, a psychiatric disorder, could have symptoms rooted in an area of the brain commonly associated with basic physiological functions such as body temperature regulation.

It seems reasonable to hypothesize that [anorexia nervosa] patients consciously make changes in ways how they view their images and make decisions on how they deal with the problems by altering their energy metabolism, Gao wrote in an email to the News. However, it is also possible that physiological processes investigated in this study and others may un-consciously or sub-consciously shape their decision-making as well.

Horvath showed some optimism regarding a possible drug to aid in the treatment of anorexia. Since the hypothalamus is located outside of the blood-brain barrier which prevents many chemical compounds from entering the brain scientists may be able to develop a drug that limits the activation of these neurons in patients with anorexia.

He stated that in the past that it has been difficult to convince funding agencies and other researchers that these primitive neurons could have an effect on the symptoms of psychiatric disorders. This was mostly because researchers did not believe that there could be such deeply-rooted causes to psychological behavior which is mostly controlled by the brains cortex.

According to Miletta, the team is working on determining what kinds of fatty diets would be the best option in decreasing anorexia death rates.

We also hope that our work [help fight] the stigma around anorexia which is usually considered a psychiatric disease but which might be considered a metabolic-psychiatric disorder, she wrote.

According to Director of the National Institute of Mental Health Thomas Insel, anorexia nervosa has a mortality rate of around 10 percent.

Beatriz Horta | beatriz.horta@yale.edu

Excerpt from:
Yale study finds neurons that regulate over-exercising in anorexia - Yale Daily News

We asked Dr. Michael Greger how to stay healthy during the holidays and eat to strengthen our immune system and try to avoid COVID-19 as best we can. Dr. Greger is an MD and bestselling author of How Not to Die, as well as How Not to Diet, two thick books that help you learn all the ways to stave off illness and diseases like heart disease, Alzheimer's, and type 2 diabetes, as well as all other killers. His diet book gives unique and reliable advice on how to lose weight and keep it off, all while eating a healthy, sustainable whole-food plant-based diet. His books did not deal with COVID-19 specifically, so we asked him to come up with the best strategies to stay safe, healthy, and virus-free this holiday season, as we still want to enjoy the comfort and traditions of family and home.

Dr. Michael Greger:Quite simply, we should eat natural foods that come from the ground and from the fields, not factories, and from gardens, not garbage.

Studies have shown plant-based eating can improve not only body weight, blood sugar levels, and ability to control cholesterol, but also emotional states, including depression, anxiety, fatigue, sense of well-being, and daily functioning. Researchers have shown that a more plant-based diet may help prevent, treat, or reverse some of our leading causes of deathincluding heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressureall of which have been shown to be conditions that lead to the most severe cases ofCOVID-19.

Dr. Greger: Only one way of eating has ever been proven to reverse heart disease in the majority of patients: a diet centered around whole plant foods. If thats all a whole-food, plant-based diet could doreverse our number-one killershouldnt that be the default diet until proven otherwise?

The fact it may also be effective in preventing, treating, and arresting other leading killers seems to make the case for plant-based eating simply overwhelming.

For example, studies of plant-based diets have shown, 90 percent reductions in angina within just a few weeks. Plant-based diet intervention groups have reported greater diet satisfaction than control groups, as well as improved digestion, increased energy, and better sleep, and significant improvement in their physical functioning, general health, vitality, and mental health.

The Beet:Do you have an immunity holiday recipe? Something simple? Even a holiday dessert with dates and turmeric (immune-boosting foods)?

Dr. Greger: My Pumpkin Pie Smoothie recipe from The How Not to Die Cookbook is perfect for getting you into the holiday spirit with a pep in your step. It tastes like pumpkin pie in a glass! This recipe is as easy as can be and makes one 1 cup serving.

Ingredients

Instructions

Combine all the ingredients with 1 cup of water in a high-speed blender and blend until smooth. Serve and enjoy immediately.

Dr. Greger:Its not what you eat today that matters, or tomorrow, or next week, but rather what you eat over the next months, years, and decades. As the days get shorter and colder, its harder to get outside to exercise and move around, and with the social limitations put on us due to the pandemic, this season may bring us some sadness and anxiety, rather than happiness and cheer.

They dont call it comfort food for nothing. Overeating may be a sign that something is eating us.

Dr. Greger:Though some people eat less during stress, the majority of us not only eat more,but tend to gravitate toward foods high in sugar, fat, and calories. If you give people their own private snack buffet, those with high chronic stress levels eat less fruits and veggies and more chocolate cake. We suspect its cause and effect because you can demonstrate the acute effects of stress in a lab. Randomize people between solvable and unsolvable word puzzles, for example, and food choice shifts from a healthy snack (grapes) to a less healthy snack (M&Ms) in the more stressful condition. Even just watching a video with distressing scenes, including traffic problems, financial hardship,or sexual harassment can evoke the same shift in eating behavior toward chocolate.

The best way to relieve the effects of stress is to relieve the stress itself. To the extent possible, we should try to reorient our lives to avoid major stressors and use exercise to work off whats unavoidable. This can include yoga, walking, or resistance band stretching. Mindfulness techniques can be used to reduce stress and deal with cravings. To buffer the release of the stress hormone cortisol, we can reduce our intake of saturated fats and added sugars, and pile on the plants.

And when its time to prepare a meal, think of it as an opportunity to do something good for yourself. To treat yourself. To give yourself food that is delicious and healthful.

Dr. Greger:Its actually quite simple: It turns out the healthiest diet also appears to be the most effective diet for weight loss. Indeed, we have experimental confirmation: A whole food, plant-based diet was found to be the single most effective weight-loss intervention ever published in the medical literature, proven in a randomized controlled trial with no portion control, no calorie counting, no exercise component: the most effective ever.

The Beet: What do YOU eat for TG? A fake turkey? Which one? Or do you make your own? AND why does real turkey make you feel drugged?

Dr. Greger:Though its commonly thought the amino acid tryptophan in turkey makes us feel lethargic and even sleepy, any large such meal will do it. I most definitely keep turkeys off my plate on Thanksgiving and all other days of the year, but I also tend to stay away from the plant-based turkey alternatives readily available these days. Dont get me wrong: I think they can be great for those wanting a close approximation to a traditional holiday entre, but without all the myriad downsides of consuming animal products, but I prefer foods that are less processed. Foods that are whole and hearty.

Some of my favorites are included in my The How Not to Diet Cookbook, including Roasted Root Vegetables on Garlic-Braised Greens, Baked Grain Loaf with Umami Gravy, Roasted Kabocha with Kale-Cranberry Stuffing, and Balsamic Butternut, Brussels, and Beets.

Dr.Greger: Anyone who doesnt know how to get protein on a plant-based diet doesnt know beans! Protein from plant sources is preferable because of the baggage that comes along with protein from animal products. Food is a package deal. Beans and other legumes, such as split peas, chickpeas, or lentils, are the protein superstars of the plant kingdom, and we should ideally enjoy them every day.

Dr. Greger is also the founder of Nutritionfacts.org, a site devoted to eating plant-based for your health, from the perspective of a science-based career treating patients and educating the public on how avoiding foods withanimal fat and instead choosing to eat vegetables, fruit, nuts, seeds, grains and legumes is a healthier approach. For more information on how to adopt a plant-based diet, visit Nutritionfacts.org.

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How to Avoid COVID-19 During the Holidays, by Dr. Michael Greger - The Beet

Diet. A term thats morphed from being the kinds of foods we habitually eat to a destructive culture thats short-term, restrictive and rather than being kind andnurturing, promotes a disordered relationship with food, body and wellbeing.

A global market worth US$189B thanks to quick-fix weight management brands, celebrity fads and influencers as far as the eye can see, diet culture is ingrained in our lives and has become an unwelcome societal norm.

As the New Year approaches (and that period through Christmas no one knows what day it is), theres no better time to heed this mindset than right now.

The pressure to watch what we eat is through the roof, and there is the added fear-mongering notion that quarantine brought around weight gain.Even those who typically had a good relationship with food might have felt pressure to start a diet, not to mention those whoalready struggled with disordered eating.

Resetting your body and mind to re-establish healthy habits is a good place to start. Here are some tips on how to adopt an intuitive mindset so you can enter 2021 with more balance and a kinder mindset.

believe it or not, intuitive eating comes naturally, were born with it. As we get older, a shift happens and we become exposed to unhealthy habits. Food is no longerjustfood. Food becomes a reward, a punishment, the judge and the jury. The first step is to honour your appetite: hunger is normal! Respect yourself by feeding your body when its hungry. It is one of our most basic primal needs. Next to this is respecting your fullness and being mindful, not restricting yourself and creating a positive environment to experience your meals.

theres nothing worse than a bad nights sleep spent tossing and turning. But did you know a poor sleep routine can cause ongoing mental effects. From brain fog, and making it difficult to concentrate to how we make decisions. However a healthy sleep routine can boost your immunity, mental wellbeing and even your sex drive. Some simple strategies to ensure you clock enough hours are:

being healthy and taking care of your wellbeing should never feel like a chore! Set yourself small, attainable and sustainable goals that motivate you to make healthier choices each day. Better yet, write these goals down and pin them to your fridge to hold yourself accountable. They could include:going meat-free on weekdays, exercising at least 3 times per weekor taking 5 minutes to practice mindfulness/meditation each day.

stock your kitchen with nutritious wholegrains, plant-based proteins, healthy fat sources, and fresh, seasonal fruits and vegetables. As a general guide, try to aim for five handfuls of colourful veggies and two handfuls of fruit per day to ensure youre getting a range of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals in each meal. To help your digestive system perform at its best, eat a variety of high-fibre foods such as chickpeas, lentils, and wholegrain cereal and bread.

When you finish a workout, remember to refuel your body with a combination of healthy fats, carbohydrates and protein, such as blending up a smoothie with frozen banana, nut butter, almond milk and Raw Protein Isolate, which is packed with 21g of plant protein and up to 99% RDI Iron.

great for both your physical and mental health, exercise can help lower blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol, and reduce your risk of heart attack, cancer and stroke.Summer is the perfect time to soak up some vitamin D with endorphin-boosting outdoor exercise. This doesnt mean you have to start training for a marathon. Whether you walk, swim, bike, run or just play some outdoor sport with the kids tryto make the most of the warmer months.

Tara is an Accredited Practising Nutritionist & Head Dietitian and New Product Developer at global health brand,Amazonia.

See the original post here:
Breaking up with diet culture: A dietitian on how to ditch the toxicity - Women's Agenda

If youre participating in the 50,000-word challenge in 30 days for nanowrimo, your chief concerns are speed and word count, and I have some hints to help you make it to the finish line.

Now that youre well into the second week you may notice a lag in your pace. The first few days of writing are like starting a new diet: youre gung-ho and cut out sugar and portion your food, but a week later you slide back into old habits, especially if you havent lost any weight. Maintaining a steady diet of writing 1667 words a day is difficult, especially if you are a first-time novelist. Its hard to keep up the momentum, and at one point, you will hit the wall. The story may drift off to side paths, or sometimes life gets in the way.

Your work-in-progress might feel like an albatross, and this is the point where many people give up. But if youre determined to make it to the finish line, here are some tips.

Rule 1:Keep writing. This means dont stop to research or look up a more precise word in the thesaurus. If you overuse the same verbs, dont sweat it. This is a draft. If you use place markers, youll easily find what to fix the piece in revision, (where real writing happens.)

[Brackets,] ALL CAPS, highlight and italics can be your best friends at this stage. If you know as soon as you youve used the wrong word in a sentence, isolate it with a marker.

Your marker may look something like this: He stood at WHICH? lake, and at that time of year, the wind made the waves crested like the ocean. [LOOK THIS UP TO VERIFY]

If you stop to make corrections too early you run the risk of falling into the Google rabbit hole where you begin to research Lake Michigan in October and next thing you know, youre reading extensive articles about the Chicago Worlds Fair. Unless the fair is part of your story, more writing time is lost.

Another ally is the strikethrough effect. (In Word this is under the Font function.) Because the object of nanowrimo is quantity rather than quality, allow your writing to be wordy. Use strikethrough on phrases you know you want to eliminate later; they still count as part of your word count, yet youve pre-revised for the delete key.

If you havent named a new character yet, or you forget the name of one of you wrote in Chapter One, a good standby for me is NAME, MAN, WOMAN, TEEN, etc. Occasionally I decide to change the name halfway through my story, so Ill put a note to CHANGE NAME.

Rule 2: Remember this is a draft; it will be imperfect. Sometimes as I write I know a sentence is just terrible, and occasionally I will write THIS IS GARBAGE. But guess what? My rude notes to myself are included in my word count.

If you stop to edit diction and syntax too early, youll lose more momentum and possibly lose interest altogether. A draft is something for your eyes only. Anne Lamott eloquently discusses more of drafting in this essayexcerpted from her book, Bird by Bird.

Since Im writing this piece in November, Im adding it to my final word count at the end of November if I fall short.

Happy Nano-ing.

By Laura Moe

Laura Moe is the author of three novels (two of which began as nanowrimos) and is currently President of Development at Edmonds based EPIC Group Writers. Click here to learn more about National Novel Writing Monthand its local affiliates.

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Nanowrimo survival tips: How to make it to the finish line - My Edmonds News

Black In Cardio is an international group of cardiovascular scientists and trainees from diverse backgrounds and subject areas. A team of eight strangers met on Twitter and volunteered time to make an idea a reality. #BlackInCardioWeek follows several other BlackinX weeks and was created to highlight black cardiovascular scientists and raise awareness around cardiovascular diseases by offering a space to the wider community. Issues such as access to information, representation of black communities in decision making, and destigmatization of research e during #BlackInCardioWeek has opened a space for collaboration and mentorship.

Here is a quick run through of the events and what #BlackInCardio means to the team.

Before the launch of the week, we set a 7 day workout challenge.

#BICWorkout Challenge. This was to encourage the conversation around cardiovascular health and get people to just start. Using the hashtag, people were encouraged to post their workout image after following a specially created programme by fitness coach Nelao, or any other form of physical activity.

#BlackInCardioRollCall: Announcing their presence as black scientists, researchers and working professionals,. participants shared their research and motivations within the cardiovascular field. It is no longer possibleto say we dont exist, and simply scrolling through the hashtag links people in the field with each other.

Recognising the urgency for representation in the cardiovascular field, and seeing the other black in X events, I sent out the tweet on the 13th August 2020. From there, a fantastic team was formed and #BlackinCardio began. My journey to being a scientist began through observing the detrimental effects of diabetes and how it caused a drastic change in the lifestyle of many. Seeing this, and recognizing its prevalence within my community, formed my drive to participate in scientific research. To be a scientist means to discover new knowledge through challenging, searching and answering the questions that need to be tackled. My research combines my two interests and focuses on diabetic cardiomyopathy and it is my personal motivation that is driving me through. Consistently engaging with those who suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system, hearing the views of why they suffered from members within and outside my community, and witnessing how it was being treated, verified my pursuit as a scientist who understands the community.

The Career Panel was designed to provide insights on the experiences of Black scientists and clinicians in various cardiovascular fields and give an opportunity for people interested in careers within the field to get advice and inspiration.

During my undergraduate studies, I decided that a career in medicine was no longer for me and wanted to focus on a career in life science research. In my search for the perfect role, I knew I wanted to work within cardiovascular research, but I saw a lack of career guidance and started a blog in search for the perfect career. In my personal life, there has always been support to achieve what I wanted but that wasnt reflected in my professional circle. #BlackInCardio was especially important for me as a Masters student just stepping into the professional world. My main takeaway from the panels and working with the team has shown me, through representation, that my dreams arent so far out of reach.

The Q&A sessions were designed to create an open dialogue between researchers, clinicians, early career professionals and the general public. Specific sessions included discussions around the Whole Heart: Congenital Heart Diseases, The Vasculature , Nutrition (in French) and Cardiometabolic Syndromes.

I was born and raised in Bafang, a small town in West Cameroon in Africa. During my PhD, I unfortunately lost my father from stroke complications after six months of intensive care. My father was my first advocate; he was very proud of my achievements, and his ultimate dream was to cheer for me during my PhD graduation. Losing my father completely switched my perception of the world and the value of life. More importantly, it reshaped my research interests in studying cardiovascular diseases. I felt the need to contribute to the field and help advance research in cardiovascular disease in the Black communities. After my PhD, I joined Stanford University as a postdoctoral scholar to study genetic risk factors of vascular diseases, particularly in the Black population. My current research includes studying genetic risk factors for vascular diseases such as aortic aneurysm and coronary artery diseases in multiple ancestry groups, as well as cardiac hereditary amyloidosis (hATTR), a disease due to a pathogenic mutation in the Transthyretin (TTR) gene and particularly prevalent in Black populations. Most of my research is conducted on The Million Veteran Program, the largest multi-ethnic cohort to date with electronic health records and genetic information.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the world. With this harrowing fact, as a team we understand the importance of destigmatising narratives around the Black population in regards to cardiovascular health. For this reason two separate panels were created. The first focused on a discussion of the stigmatization of Black people in cardiovascular research and medicine, and its consequences. The second was a conversation around diet, physical activity, and medicine in Black communities.

I am originally from Likasi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. My senior honors project was on the genetics of race and ancestry. Despite my love for biology, I wanted to do population research and understand health disparities. Thats how I ended up getting a PhD in Medical Sciences. The focus of my dissertation was on the epidemiology of acculturation and diabetes in African immigrants. A lot of cardiovascular conditions are preventable; that racial disparities in these diseases exist is a public health crisis. Thats why events like #BlackInCardioWeek are so important to me. My research made me realize that cardiovascular/cardiometabolic issues in African immigrant communities are part of a larger discourse on racial disparities in health. So for my current postdoctoral position at the University of Vermont, I am studying racial disparities in cardiovascular/cardiometabolic diseases (including COVID-19) in the REGARDS (The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke). The REGARDS is one of the largest and most diverse cohort studies in the U.S.

As the only person on the #BlackInCardio organizing team who isnt Black, my perspective may be different than the other co-organizers. I thought I knew a lot about systemic racism and how I could make a change and improve inclusivity and representation in science, but I thought I had to wait until I was in a position of power to do this. I thought the best thing I could do was to understand the issues facing Black people in science and not contribute to any racist narratives. #BlackInCardio and other BlackInX initiatives have taught me that being an ally is much more than not contributing to racist narratives. #BlackInCardio taught me that you dont need to wait to be tenured and appointed to a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity task force to make a change. By helping to organize #BlackInCardio, I could spend my time and energy on this global initiative to help lighten the load that my 7 other Black co-organizers had to bear. This burden should not always be placed on traditionally marginalized groups. As an ally, anything you can do to improve representation and inclusivity in STEM fields helps. It can be as simple as liking or retweeting a post on Twitter by a Black scientist, student, or trainee that shows that science is open, accepting, and supportive of Black people in this predominantly white space.

Destigmatising cardiovascular health: From diet to medicine. This event focused on how harmful narratives affect everyday life. Black people are often told that diets are inherently bad and are criticised for eating certain foods. This panel created a safe space with a diverse range of qualified professionals sharing their knowledge on the lessons learnt working within the fields of diet, nutrition and medicine.

My research focuses on how the biological mechanisms of obesity contribute to cardiovascular diseases. I am currently analyzing the cellularity and morphology of both visceral and pericardial adipose (fat) tissue after undergoing high fat fed conditions. I have a deep passion for cardiovascular research due to its prevalence within the Black community and also having experienced loss of family members and family friends due to cardiovascular disease and its associated complications. Events like #BlackinCardioWeek are very important as the current literature showsthat the Black community are at a much higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Its important to highlight the research being done to help and educate our community in this very important matter of cardiovascular health. I hope I can one day share my knowledge and experiences to inspire a new generation of scientists who tend to be excluded from scientific research and careers.

The future of cardiovascular research: On this panel, the issues of access, recruitment, and retention of black scientists and clinicians were discussed. Panelists shared their successes and shared struggles navigating the professional world. The discussion ranged from writing grant applications, networking, and most importantly navigating a space that has many obstacles for black people.

I have always had an interest in science, and wanted to be in a career that could help people (I actually wanted to be a heart surgeon). Many a time, I have been the only black person in a room and Id always wondered why there werent many black people in science. I know first-hand the power of representation and seeing people who look like you go through the process. During my Masters, seeing a postdoc who had just completed his doctorate inspired me to believe that I could do something like that too. I always share the story of catching up with someone after a few years who asked what I was doing now. His response to me saying I was a research scientist was Oh wow, I have never seen a black scientist before. I saw this as a problem for a while. I want people to be able to identify themselves as scientists no matter what their background is. I have been greatly encouraged after the inaugural #BlackInCardio Week and I believe this is the beginning of achieving long-overdue equity in science and medicine.

Black cardiologists in history: This was a series of blog posts done in conjunction with AHA Early Career Voice. Throughout the week, we highlighted the profiles of several Black cardiologists and cardiovascular scientists who made a substantial contribution to cardiovascular science such as Dr. Marie Maynard Daly, Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, and Dr. Charles Rotimi.

Black Scientists have certainly set the benchmark within cardiovascular science and medicine, but their groundbreaking work has not been emphasised enough. Highlighting the work of Black pioneers in the field was not only a way to celebrate and recognize their accomplishments, but also to show young Black trainees and aspiring scientists that people like them have changed the world of cardiovascular medicine. They can see themselves in those role models and use them as an example for hard work and perseverance.

Finally, the week ended by spending the weekend showcasing the lives of #BlackInCardio students, professionals,and researchers outside the world of science. We had four weekend events: bread baking & wig making, make-up session and conversation, live podcast, and a live afrobeats dance class.

Highlighting the work of Black pioneers in the field was not only a way to celebrate and recognize their accomplishments, but also to show young Black trainees and aspiring scientists that people like them have changed the world of cardiovascular medicine.

I develop advanced cardiovascular tissue models for studying genetic disease. I believe that science should be accessible and that every child should have the opportunity to become a scientist. I also work on supporting marginalized groups of PhD students within the Academy. Outside of the lab I foster puppies and enjoy outdoor activities like running, hiking and gardening.

As a team the collective takeaway is that we are proud to have organised and executed a global event. It is important to note that this is just the beginning and we hope to follow through with more events outside the week, a larger team, and wider reach to include more of the African continent. Watch out for Black in Cardio, we are just getting started.

See the article here:
#BlackInCardioWeek: How it started, what happened, and what is to come - On Medicine - BMC Blogs Network

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Ask a thousand pet owners what they want for their pets and they will tell you that they want a healthy pet, but many do not understand the simple things that need to be done to keep their pet healthy. To maintain optimum pet health, you should visit a veterinarian at least twice a year and focus on dental health, parasite control, and nutrition.

Pet Preventive Care Tip #1: Veterinary Visits

Frequent veterinary visits facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of potential problems. Pet parents can be counseled on breed, age, and sex-related predispositions so that they can become aware of early warning signs. For instance, boxers are predisposed to skin cancer. Frequent skin examinations can result in the early detection and treatment of potentially fatal cutaneous cancers. In addition, the veterinarian can evaluate gum and tooth health, check for internal and external parasites, and determine overall nutritional status.

Pet Preventive Care Tip #2: Dental Health

Keeping teeth and gums healthy is essential to optimum pet health. Removal of plaque and tartar before gingivitis develops will help ensure a healthy mouth. This can be accomplished by routine brushing, providing treats and food that aid in tartar removal, and having your pets teeth cleaned by a veterinarian at least once a year.

Pet Preventive Care Tip #3: Parasite Control

Also, ensuring that pets are free of internal and external parasites is critical to preventative health care. This can be achieved by yearly parasite checks by a veterinarian and strictly adhering to antiparasitic drug recommendations. For instance, heartworm disease is endemic in many areas of Canada and the United States. The disease, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, is difficult to treat but is easily prevented with year-round use of anti-heartworm medication.

Pet Preventive Care Tip #4: Nutrition

Finally, optimum nutrition is critically important to maintaining good health. It is important to remember that nutritional requirements vary with age, breed, lifestage, and lifestyle. Your veterinarian will recommend an appropriate diet and will discuss feeding amount and frequency. Obesity is one of the most frequent problems in dogs and cats and can result in diabetes and joint problems. Obesity prevention requires strict adherence to feeding guidelines and providing adequate exercise for your pet.

Feed your pet a high-quality, well-balanced food for dogs or cats. This should be your pets main source of nutrition. Look at the first five ingredients listed on the pet food label. These ingredients make up the majority of the food and should be of high quality. Select a diet in accordance with the age, activity, breed size, and weight of your pet or specific health condition. Search for a diet that will offer high-quality ingredients and also specific ingredients that could help your pet stay healthy.

Some ingredients or nutrients to look for:

Pet Preventive Care Tip #5: Healthy Weight

Maintain your pets weight at a healthy level. A pet is considered overweight when they weigh 10%20% more than their ideal body weight. If they are 20% overweight, theyre considered obese. Being obese can shorten a pets life span by as much as two years. Obese pets are at higher risk for cancer, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and urinary bladder stones. Talk with a veterinarian about the ideal weight for your pet and feed them accordingly.

Pet Preventive Care Tip #6: Hydration

Give your pet a constant supply of fresh water. Pets need fresh water for their body to properly work and digest food. The water should be clean and fresh, so change the water at least once a day. Clean the water bowl with dish soap and water frequently. Rinse and dry the container before refilling with fresh water.

Final Words of Advice

Just as for humans, preventative health care is essential for maintaining optimum pet health. In most instances, it is much easier (and more cost-effective) to prevent disease than to treat it. By following the steps outlined above, you are likely to enjoy many disease-free years with your pet.

More here:
The Importance of Pet Preventive Care - Signals AZ

Low-carb diet market is expected to grow at a growth rate of 6.40% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. Increasing availability of low carb products will act as a factor for the low-carb diet market in the forecast period of 2020- 2027.

Low-carb diet market research report has been prepared with the systematic gathering and evaluation of market information for Low-carb diet industry which is presented during a form that explains various facts and figures to the business. The market data presented within the report helps to acknowledge different market opportunities present internationally. This business document provides exact information about market trends, industrial changes, and consumer behavior etc. Adopting such marketing research report is usually beneficial for any company, whether its a little scale or large scale, for marketing its products or services. Analytical study of Low-carb diet market report aids in formulating growth strategies to reinforce sales and build brand image within the market.

Sample Report + All Related Graphs & Charts https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-low-carb-diet-market&SR

The major players covered in the low-carb diet report are Nestl S. A., Know Brainer Foods, Zenwise Health, Perfect Keto, Ample Foods, Danone S.A., BPI Sports LLC., Ancient Nutrition, Pruvit Ventures, Inc., Bulletproof 360, Inc., Dang Foods Company, Essential Keto., among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

The world class Low-carb diet report considers several base factors namely the market type, size of the organization, availability on-premises, end-users organization type, and therefore the availability in areas like South America, Asia-Pacific and Middle East & Africa Europe, Asia-Pacific and Middle East & Africa North America. This market report works as an exquisite resource that gives recent also as upcoming technical and financial details of the industry to 2027. While preparing this market report, markets on the local, regional also as global level are explored. Counting on clients requirements, massive amount of business, product and market related information has been brought together via global Low-carb diet market report that eventually helps businesses create better strategies.

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How Does this Low-carb diet Market Insights Help?

Table of Content: Low-carb diet market

Part 01: Executive Summary

Part 02: Scope of The Report

Part 03: Low-carb diet

Part 04: Global Low-carb diet Market Sizing

Part 05: Global Low-carb diet Market Segmentation

Part 06: Five Forces Analysis

Part 07: Customer Landscape

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Low-carb diet Market Is growing Continuously in Global Business Industry from 2020- 2026 | Know the businesses List Could Potentially Benefit or Loose...

Have a craving for salmon you can't shake while expecting? Try these foods that are safe to be consumed during pregnancy.

Pregnancy nutrition is often confusing. as women wonder whether it is safe to eat certain foods during pregnancy. Many women love eating fish and seafood. It is a tasty and healthy choice of healthy fats and lean protein. However, most women wonder if they should continue to eat the fish once they become pregnant. The simple answer is, yes, you can continue to eat fish just make sure it is low mercury fish, which doesn't usually include smoken salmon. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that pregnant women eat at least eight to 12 ounces of fish every week.

RELATED:Can You Eat Smoked Salmon While Pregnant?

For women who love smoked salmon, there are still questions about its safety. While it is true that salmon is considered low mercury, there is an issue when it comes to preparation. It is important to realize that some varieties tend to be undercooked. This can make the salmon unsafe to eat during pregnancy. It is important to be careful about what you eat when you are pregnant. Smoked salmon can be harmful not just to you but to your unborn child. If you must eat salmon, avoid eating cold-smoked salmon. Eating undercooked seafood is harmful.

It is important to understand the different types of smoked salmon available. Smoked salmon can either be cold or hot smoked. The curing method used will determine the type of smoked salmon. Cold-smoked salmon is dry-cured. It is then smoked at 21 to 32 degrees centigrade. This salmon is not fully cooked and it has a soft texture, is brightly colored and it has a strong fishy flavor. The hot-smoked flavor is brine-cured. It is smoked to more than 49 degrees centigrade leaving it fully cooked. The result is salmon that is firm and flaky with a smoky flavor.

Eating seafood can be very beneficial during pregnancy. Fish and seafood can be great sources of iron, protein, and zinc. These nutrients are vital for the babys growth and development. Fish contains omega-3 fatty acids that include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which helps in the development of the babys brain.

It is very important to take precautions when eating seafood during pregnancy. You should avoid consuming large predatory fish. Eating fish like swordfish, shark, tilefish, and mackerel can expose you to mercury. You should also stay away from uncooked fish and shellfish such as sushi, oysters, and sashimi. Uncooked fish can contain harmful viruses or bacteria. Find out the local fish advisories before buying your seafood. Make sure that you cook all seafood properly before consumption. It can help to talk to a nutrition expert about the best cooking methods.

Fortunately, just because you cannot enjoy your usual smoked salmon does not mean that all is lost. There are seafood options that will satisfy your craving for smoked salmon.Eating seafood that is low in mercury can be very beneficial. Options to consider include herring, sardines, freshwater trout, anchovies, and pacific mackerel. You can also safely eat shrimp, tilapia, cod, canned light tuna, catfish, and Pollock.

Cooking fillets or whole fish thoroughly will help to kill listeria, parasites, viruses, and other harmful bacteria. Cooking will help you to avoid food poisoning. Properly cooked fish should be opaque. The flakes should separate easily when you slip a knife into the flesh and pull it aside. Choose oily fish that is high in Omega-3 fatty acids. Tinned tuna will provide the nutrients that you need and it is a good option. When prepared well, hot cooked prawns can also satisfy your craving.

While it is true that seafood contains many nutrients that are beneficial for pregnant women, you can get what you need without salmon. You can get omega-3 fatty acids from other sources besides seafood. Some sources of the nutrients include foods like flaxseed, canola oil, soybeans, sunflower seeds, and walnuts. You can also get the essential nutrients from milk, yogurt, and eggs. Taking nutritional supplements that contain omega-3 fatty acids or fish oil can be helpful. It is, however, important to talk to your doctor before taking supplements while pregnant.

It is important to be careful about what you eat while you are pregnant. Cravings during the pregnancy period are common, but you need to choose foods that are safe for your unborn child. Your babys development is important. Fish and seafood help to promote healthy cognitive development for the baby. As long as you avoid high mercury fish, you can include seafood as part of your pregnancy diet plan.

NEXT:New Study Shows Benefits For Babies Of Eating Fish While Pregnant

Sources: babycenter.com, mayoclinic.org, healthline.com,

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Pregnancy-Safe Foods That Will Satisfy Your Craving For Smoked Salmon - BabyGaga