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3 common mistakes that hinder weight loss while intermittent fasting – Times of India

Posted: April 1, 2020 at 4:42 am

Intermittent fasting is a popular diet that is followed by a large population and advocated by celebrities as well. It involves not eating for particular periods in the day and is considered to be effective for weight loss. It helps you consume lesser number of calories. The three types of intermittent fasting that are followed by people are, alternate day fasting, whole-day fasting or time restricted fasting. The 16:8 format of time-restricted fasting is the most famous with people starting the diet. However, it's possible that even after giving it your all, you might not be losing weight. If this is the case, you might be making one of these three mistakes.Youre consuming too many calories To determine the success of your intermittent fasting schedule its important to monitor the number of calories you consume. It is helpful to keep a log and keep a check on the number of calories you consume. It is good to know how many calories your body requires to reach the desired weight. Once you have determined the number of calories you are allowed to eat, you need to keep a strict tab on the kind of food you eat. If you end up consuming a lot of calories during the time you are not fasting, the diet will have no actual effect on your body weight.You are underestimating proportionsIf you have been able to keep your calorie intake under check and still struggling to lose the amount of weight you wished you would, the next step is to check your portion sizes. You often miscalculate how much you are actually eating, which amounts to more calories for the day. You have to be extra careful with calorie-rich foods like cheese. Thus, it is important that you calculate and monitor your food habits very closely.Youre not eating enoughYour body gets used to whatever you throw at it. If you are experiencing a plateau in your weight loss graph, then it may be because you are not eating sufficient calories. Your body will learn to function on the number of calories you provide it with. Therefore, you should reduce your calorie intake slowly and aim for only moderate weight loss. Moreover, you should only cut enough calories to lose half-a-kilogram a week.

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3 common mistakes that hinder weight loss while intermittent fasting - Times of India

From flab to fab: A look at the incredible weight-loss journey of The Biggest Loser contestants – MEAWW

Posted: April 1, 2020 at 4:42 am

'The Biggest Loser' documents the weight-loss journey of twelve brave people who have decided to make some changes in their life and adopt a healthy lifestyle. After a hiatus of nearly two years, the show returned but made some major changes to its controversial show format. While the previous seasons placed emphasis only on weight-loss with little to no-aftercare provided for the contestants following the show's end, the reboot version shifted its focus from weight-loss to overall wellbeing. This meant that the contestants had access to nutritionists, dietitians and support groups to help them on their journey to achieve a healthier life. The icing on the cake was the fact that these resources weren't restricted to just during their time on the show, but also after their elimination and are provided free of cost for a year.

We saw a live demonstration of how these little measures go a long way in ensuring that the contestants who came on the show remain healthy irrespective of whether they are on the show or not. The eliminated contestants were given an opportunity to compete for an at-home challenge of working out at their home and continuing to lose weight, and the winner of this challenge would be rewarded with a prize money of $25k. When we saw these previously eliminated contestants walk into the room and flaunt their post-weight-loss bodies, it was extremely hard to believe that these were the same people we saw in the pilot episode. Each of them exuded confidence and seemed genuinely happy with themselves. One common thing which all the contestants revealed was how the show encouraged them to take care of themselves and prioritize themselves first. While we can go on and on writing about how heartening it was to see these strong individuals own their bodies and be happy with it, we think their before-after pictures might do a lot more justice. Here are the pictures of the contestants from 'The Biggest Loser', from before they came on the show, and after they left the show.

Robert Richardson III

Robert was eliminated within the first week, but he didn't let that get to him. He continued training and working on himself, and returned back for the final weigh-in 48 pounds lighter!

PhiXavier Holmes

Phi had quite some emotional baggage weighing her down, which the show helped her identify. As soon as she got eliminated in the second week, Phi was ready to turn a new leaf in her life. She reached out for help and got herself a dietitian, personal trainer, and even a therapist to help her get her life in order. After seeing her in the final episode, we have to admit that she does look like a different person, and we couldn't be happier for her. She also managed to lose 17 pounds!

Domenico Brugellis

Dom's elimination from the show left his trainer Erica Lugo questioning her training skills. Turns out she had nothing to worry about, for Dom continued working to get healthy and kept exercising and eating clean despite not being on the show anymore. This New Yorker came on the show weighing 323 pounds, and lost a total of 50 pounds when we saw him last during the final weigh-in.

Delores Tomorrow

Delores who works with at-risk teenage girls of color, came on the show hoping to set an example for the girls, and boy did she. She was initially very upset after getting eliminated from the show, but she soon bounced back and made some small but significant changes in her life, which ensured that she didn't go off-track from achieving her goal of getting healthy and fit. Delores lost a total of 36 pounds since coming on the show.

Katarina Bouton

Katarina or Kat as she is lovingly called by her fellow contestants was one of the youngest members of the show. She got eliminated despite working really hard. To say that things weren't easy for this Florida native when she got back home would be an understatement. After enduring a breakup, Kat was more determined than ever to get fit and healthy and live her life to the fullest. With 64 pounds lighter, we sure think she is living her best life.

Megan Hoffman

Megan continued working hard and eating lean even after her elimination, and that reflected when during the final weigh-in it was revealed that she lost a whopping 83 pounds since appearing on the show. Needless to say, she bagged the at-home prize of $25K.

Kim Davis

Although she was the oldest among the lot, she never let that come in the way of her dream to achieve a healthy life. She took quite a lot from the show, after her stint on the show, Kim made some huge changes in her life, which all turned her into a more beautiful and confident woman. She filed for a divorce from her husband, got her own place, and is focused on taking care of herself. Losing 38 pounds is just the tip of the ice-berg for this strong woman.

Kristi McCart

Although Kristi just had her baby, she made the difficult decision of coming on the show to ensure that she is healthy enough to have another child. Kristi never wavered from her goal and trained diligently to achieve it. So it came as no surprise when it was revealed that she lost 73 pounds.

Teri Agular

For Teri her journey from being a beauty pageant winnerto finding herself on 'The Biggest Loser' was nothing short of a roller-coaster ride. Even on the show, Teri became an inspiration to may when she displayed her resilience by continuing to train despite her leg injury. Now that she is 70 pounds lighter, Teri reveals that she is slowly getting back to enjoying her little swimming sessions.

Kyle Yeo

Kyle not only learned how to get healthy but also to be himself and love himself on the show. Kyle's beautiful bond with his father left fans in tears, after watching the father-son work out together and be there for each other at every step of the way. He lost 86 pounds since being on the show.

Micah Collum

Micah may not have won the competition but he certainly won several fans on the show. His tough childhood made him turn to food for solace. Micah was ready to put his rough past behind him and start a new chapter, which brought him to the show. He lost 99 pounds since being on the show.

Jim DiBattista

Yes, that's the same person! Jim's transformation on the show is nothing short of magic. He came on the show hoping to get healthier so that he can be there for his wife and children. His determination clubbed with hard work helped him lose an impressive 144 pounds, making him the winner of the show. Alongside the title, he won a prize money of $100k and a vacation to Universal Studios.

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From flab to fab: A look at the incredible weight-loss journey of The Biggest Loser contestants - MEAWW

Kelly Brook weight loss: TV star shed impressive 1st 7lb with one diet change – Express.co.uk

Posted: April 1, 2020 at 4:42 am

Kelly Brook is known for her talents as a model, actress and television host. Fans of the TV star might have noticed her new slim frame in recent months. What has she said about weight loss?

She explained she followed a SlimFast diet programme to drop one stone in two months.

The actress has since reportedly lost another seven pounds bringing her total weight loss to 1st 7lb.

Speaking to OK! Magazine earlier this year, Kelly revealed she also slimmed down by three dress sizes.

She told the publication: "Its about encouraging women to be the best versions of themselves and not be ashamed of it. Diet shouldnt be an anti-feminist, dirty word.

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Ive gone from a size 16 to embarking on this SlimFast journey with the Vitality campaign and getting to a size 10 to 12, which for me is a dream.

She used social media to document her progress and would regularly post on Instagram when slimming.

In a sponsored partnership Instagram post last year, she wrote: "Not only were the @SlimFastUK weight loss capsules great for helping me get back on track, but they fit so well into my every day too!

I take three capsules and drink a large glass of water with each, before having my healthy breakfast, lunch and dinner. Discover your #IWillPower today!

Speaking to OK!, Kelly explained she had been slim but unhappy in the past and was now focused on looking after her body.

She said: In 2007 I was so skinny and I dont even remember it. Id lost my dad, I was doing Strictly, Id moved house, Id broken up with my fianc and Id moved back from America.

There was so much upheaval and that took a toll on my body. I wasnt happy. Ive had some amazing experiences and some awful ones and the bad ones make you more empathetic.

As well as following the diet plan, the model has credited regular exercise for her new look.

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Kelly Brook weight loss: TV star shed impressive 1st 7lb with one diet change - Express.co.uk

’90 Day Fiance: The Other Way’ Star Tiffany Franco Smith Reveals Weight Loss Transformation – PopCulture.com

Posted: April 1, 2020 at 4:42 am

90 Day Finance: The Other Way star Tiffany Franco Smith is showing off her weight loss! The mom of four has already shed 20 pounds after giving birth to her baby girl, Carly, back in July 2019. In January 2020 she took to her Instagram stories to reveal a before and after photo she had taken to show her transformation, which can be seen on In Touch Weekly.

Viewers have followed her journey to find love with her now husband, Ronald Smith. The two found love during their trip to South Africa and now share four kids together, including her son, Daniel, from a previous relationship. She's not only allowed her fans to walk with her during her pregnancy, but now she's keeping them motivated with her fitness goals.

While she's staying positive for herself and her followers, not all of them have taken kindly to her motivation. When she shared a throwback photo of herself following her daughters birth, one follower threw some shade at her, but she fired back with a kind response. "How does it make you feel when I say I'm in love with me? And that I enjoy myself and looking at myself? Does it cause you to feel angry? If it does you probably hate yourself and have a deep desire to love yourself. However I advise you to not project that onto me. What you feel towards yourself has nothing to do with me."

Just two weeks after giving birth to Carly, the couple decided to give their fans a first glimpse of their sweet daughter as they gushed over her on social media. In a video, Smith was seen holding their daughter underneath a navy blue blanket as she sat on her mom's chest. They also referred to Carly as a "daddy's girl" and fans loved it.

"Carly's arrival into this world was a mother's biggest sacrifice, the giving-birth part. But she was worth every contraction, every cry, all of it!" she told PEOPLE. "When they put my baby on me, all of my pain was gone and all I felt was her warmth and the love and support of my family."

She also admitted that as soon as she found out she was pregnant, they immediately started brainstorming for names revealing that they "struggled every day."

"We struggled every day trying to find a name we were in love with. From early on until three months before her arrival, her name was almost Camila! But then I would talk to my belly and it didn't feel right," she said, adding that Carley "just came to me out of nowhere, but it felt so right."

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'90 Day Fiance: The Other Way' Star Tiffany Franco Smith Reveals Weight Loss Transformation - PopCulture.com

Can turmeric help you lose weight? – The Indian Express

Posted: April 1, 2020 at 4:42 am

By: Lifestyle Desk | Published: April 1, 2020 10:00:03 am Turmeric is known to have a lot of health benefits. (Source: Getty Images)

Researchers have long studied the benefits of turmeric, including whether it helps induce weight loss. As per studies, it is curcumin a yellow plant-based polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in turmeric which benefits our health in many ways.

What studies say

A 2019 study published in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that curcumin intake resulted in a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, and leptin (a hormone which plays a role in obesity), and a significant increase in adiponectin levels, but did not effect hip ratio in people with metabolic syndrome and related disorders.

In another 2015 study published in the European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, researchers found curcumin to increase weight loss from 1.88 to 4.91 per cent, enhance reduction of body fat from 0.70 to 8.43 per cent and that of BMI from 2.10 to 6.43 per cent, in a group of overweight people.

Read| 5 reasons why you should add turmeric to your diet

How does that happen?

Inflammation plays an important role in obesity, as in many other chronic diseases. Obesity is marked by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to chronic inflammation. Curcumin in turmeric suppresses particular inflammatory markers, suggests research. It also helps suppress fat tissue growth, argued a 2009 study conducted by Tufts University, promoting weight loss.

A 2017 report in Foods, however, suggested that the properties of curcumin are not activated well if ingested by itself due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid elimination unless some other ingredients are added to it. One of them is black pepper, which activates curcumin the body by 2000 per cent.

Read| Haldi doodh: What type of turmeric and milk should you use?

Seema Singh, chief clinical nutritionist & HOD, Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj, told indianexpress.com, Besides reducing inflammation associated with obesity, consumption of turmeric increases the metabolic rate which helps burn calories faster in the body. Turmeric water or turmeric tea can help you reduce belly fat. Half teaspoon of turmeric, raw or in the powder form, can be added to warm water and consumed.

Inconclusive research

Some studies, however, have not been able to conclusively say that curcumin in turmeric can induce weight loss. A 2018 study in the journal of the Canadian Medical Association said they found no evidence that curcumin affected inflammatory response. Minal Shah, senior nutrition therapist, Fortis Hospital Mulund, added, There have been studies in the past but there is no solid proof to show that turmeric would help in reducing weight. We still need further evidence to confirm the same.

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Can turmeric help you lose weight? - The Indian Express

How to Lose Weight With Yoga in A Month – Longevity LIVE

Posted: April 1, 2020 at 4:42 am

Have you ever considered yoga as an activity that can help you lose weight? No? Well, it might surprise you, but this wonderful traditional Indian discipline is perfect for this. Lets look at some ways of using yoga for weight loss.

There isnt a person on Earth who didnt hear at least one thing about yoga. It originated in India several thousand years ago but began to spread all over the world as quickly as people realized how beneficial it is. Nowadays, folks of all ages practice these exercises in every part of the world.

It is a known fact that doing yoga has a lot of benefits for both physical and mental health. Nevertheless, we generally see it as a slow activity, so it is not simple to imagine that it can be in any way effective in terms of weight loss.

What many of us dont know is that there are specially designed yoga weight loss exercises, and they are giving surprisingly good results.

Considering the current situation with rampaging pandemic of coronavirus, we all need to stay at home for some time. This is a situation that creates and elevates a lot of emotions, and so many of us are experiencing depression and anxiety for various reasons. However, because self-isolation and social distancing measures are now implemented in most countries, it is not possible to attend sports classes. Thats why in todays post, we are talking about yoga weight loss exercises at home. You can practice yoga at home for weight loss by yourself if you are already experienced or watch online videos to get instructions on what to do. Remember, too, that no exercise is effective unless you are eating correctly. So ensure during this time you are following a relevant healthy eating plan. Avoid junk food, sugary food and the stuff that is going to work against any good yoga you do. If you want to see the result faster, you need to combine the exercise routine and your healthy diet plan to boost your immune system with the best MCT oil.

If you consistently practice yoga you will lose weight. Here are three poses that will help enable the process:

If you are wondering is yoga good for weight loss and toning, then you should try this exercise. With this Asana, you will work the abs and thighs, but also the shoulders. This Asana reduces stress on the back, improves digestion, blood pressure, and so on.

1. Lie on your back with your knees bent, feet flat, hip-width apart, heels directly below your knees. Leave your upper arms on the floor and bend your elbows alongside your ribs, pointing your forearms and fingers toward the ceiling. Turn your palms to face one another.

2. Press your elbows and shoulder heads down into the floor, lift your chest, and bring your shoulder blades onto your upper back, wrapping your outer arms toward the floor. Keep your gaze straight up.

3. Press into your feet and slowly send your knees forward, wrapping your outer hips toward the ceiling; then lift your buttocks away from the floor. Lengthen your tail bone toward the backs of your knees.

4. Straighten your elbows and interlace your fingers underneath you, drawing your shoulder blades deeper into your upper back, keeping the tops of your shoulders in line with the base of your neck.

5. Gently press the center of the back of your head to the floor. Broaden your collarbones and lift your chest, bringing your sternum toward your chin. Lightly reach your chin away from your chest, keeping space between the back of your neck and the floor. Simultaneously extend out through your knees as you lift your sternum. Take a few rounds of breath here.

6. To release, unlace your fingers and slowly lower your torso back to the floor.

This pose focuses on strengthening the thighs and core muscles. It also works with muscles of the buttocks, and through this, it helps you to target belly fat. It is a good exercise to include in the yoga weight loss plan as it stretches the back, strengthens the lower back, etc.

Include the frog pose in your 30-day Yoga Challenge weight loss, and we guarantee you will see the results quickly. It stretches the abdomen and chest and stimulates organs in the abdomen.

As you can see, there are good yoga weight loss exercises that you can do at home. Hopefully, this health care crisis wont last too long, and you will be able to continue with yoga classes soon. In the meantime, stay healthy, take care, and practice yoga it will surely help.

Interested in reading more about how to lose that muffin top? Then click here

Adam Reeveis a nutritionist and fitness instructor from Chicago. He discovered yoga almost 10 years ago after a major crisis, and it changed his life. Since then, he is learning, and sharing information with other people. Adam became a licensed instructor 4 years ago and for the past 2.5, he is writing about health and wellness.

Legal Disclaimer Before participating in any exercise program or using any fitness products or services that may be described and/or made accessible in or through the Longevity Live Website and/or the Services, you should consult with a physician or other healthcare provider. Please read our site terms and conditions for more information.

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How to Lose Weight With Yoga in A Month - Longevity LIVE

What is testosterone replacement therapy, and do you need it – KTAR.com

Posted: March 30, 2020 at 9:46 pm

Talk to anyone whose been around for a few decades, and youll usually hear that life gets sweeter with age. Even with the inevitable slowdown that starts in your 30s, your best years can still be ahead.

Perhaps youve noticed that slowdown: If you become fatigued more easily than you used to, your mind isnt as sharp, or your libido is on the decline, it could be because of low testosterone.

As you grow, your brain periodically produces signal hormones responsible for stimulating testosterone production, according to Vital4Men. Testosterone is the main hormone responsible for the growth and development of male sex organs, muscle mass, and bone density. It also gives you energy and affects your mood.

When testosterone reaches an acceptable range, brain signals slow down, which allows your testosterone to lower. However, that decrease could lead to testicular problems at this stage. This low level of testosterone production is called hypogonadism.

Signs you may have low testosterone

The symptoms of low testosterone or hypogonadism include the following:

You may not think that you have low testosterone if you ignore symptoms or simply attribute them to aging. Unfortunately, hoping these issues will go away on their own wont work and, in fact, you may notice they just get worse.

Your testosterone levels will likely continue to decline over time and the severity of your symptoms will most likely continue to increase, Vital4Men says.

However, if you pay attention, the good news is that low testosterone is treatable, so you can feel like yourself again and look forward to the years ahead.

One of the best treatments is testosterone replacement therapy.

What is testosterone replacement therapy?

Testosterone replacement therapy can improve the symptoms of low testosterone. Doctors may prescribe testosterone through injections, gels, patches, surgically implanted pellets, or oral options to improve hormone levels.

The treatment process is simple. For example, when you visit Vital4men, the medical professionals will perform a blood test to determine if you are an eligible candidate for testosterone replacement therapy, and youll receive your results within a few days.

If your testosterone levels fall outside the normal range, you may be a candidate for treatment. Your doctor will go over potential side effects to determine if testosterone replacement therapy is the right option.

At the viTal4men clinic, we treat low testosterone levels with testosterone replacement therapy to get you back to your optimum level, the company says. We are a complete mens wellness center.

The clinic will support you through the entire process. The best part, though, is the results. While your outcome will be individual, there are many potential benefits to testosterone replacement therapy:

If youre experiencing any of the symptoms of low testosterone, dont give up hope. Visit Vital4Men for more information and to schedule a free testosterone level test.

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What is testosterone replacement therapy, and do you need it - KTAR.com

Elective surgeries are being postponed during the coronavirus outbreak. But my gender-affirming surgery isnt optional its life-saving. – Business…

Posted: March 30, 2020 at 9:46 pm

captionMr. Tatyana Bellamy Walker worries his gender confirmation surgery will be canceled.sourceCourtesy Tati Bellamy Walker

I took the subway two weeks ago to one of the few transgender healthcare centers in New York City to retrieve my last psychological letter for gender-affirming surgery.

Yet, when I arrived at the center in Manhattan, the psychiatrist wasnt there. I was told she was adhering to the states mandates and began social distancing.

Outside the office, it was a ghost town.

The streets that are normally filled with halal trucks and people selling knockoff purses were nearly empty. And then there was me: a guy who left his house and essentially risked coming in contact with coronavirus for no reason.

This was one of the last letters I need for Medicaid to begin approving my gender-affirming procedure more simply known as bottom surgery. Without these letters, my health insurance will not deem the surgery medically necessary. And as a result, I will not be able to afford it.

This comes just a week after the US Surgeon General requested that health systems consider pausing elective surgeries. Last week, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo ordered that medical centers pause elective surgeries. Whats more, a staff member at the health center warned me that because of the outbreak my surgery could be postponed.

I am not alone: Transgender and nonbinary people face many barriers when it comes to finding access to gender-affirming healthcare. In 2015, the US Transgender Survey found that one-third of trans and nonbinary people face discrimination at the doctors office. Their findings also show that 33% of trans people postponed medical care because of the cost.

On the other hand, research shows gender confirmation surgeries improve the overall mental health and wellbeing of trans and nonbinary people.

For many people, when they hear elective surgery they assume cosmetic surgeries. Ive waited nearly a year for SRS and now the growing coronavirus pandemic is threatening to take it away.

I am scheduled to have bottom surgery or metoidioplasty in July 2020, but because of the delay in elective procedures, its likely that my pre-op appointment and surgery will be rescheduled. Before then Ive had to go through a number of psychological evaluations to be deemed sane for the procedure.

According to national trans health guidelines from WPATH (The World Professional Association of Transgender Health), trans and nonbinary patients who want bottom surgery must have gender dysphoria, have their mental illnesses under control, receive hormone replacement therapy for a year, and live consistently as their gender (whether male, female, or nonbinary). Also, you need letters from a doctor, psychiatrist, and counselor that prove this procedure is medically necessary.

Not only do we face strict requirements for treatment, but this system is backlogged with patients. Last September, I called Mount Sinais Transgender Health Clinic, was put on a waitlist, and then scheduled for my first appointment in November.

At the appointment, I didnt make the weight requirement. All transgender and nonbinary patients are required to have a BMI of 33. At the time, my BMI was closer to 34. Business Insider has previously reported that BMI is an outdated system that doesnt measure body fat. According to health experts, physicians can yield a more accurate result of your health by measuring your waist circumference.

Yet, the facility did not allow me to schedule surgery until I lost the weight. I lost 10 pounds through a crash diet. Hours before I graduated from the Craig Newmark School of Journalism, I weighed in at Mount Sinais Transgender Health Clinic. Then, I had my first consultation with the doctor in January.

I also faced bias from mental health counselors who could write a letter. The first therapist I went to for a letter for bottom surgery told me she didnt feel comfortable advocating for me to get surgery. So, I had to look elsewhere. And my former psychiatrist who is covered under Medicaid calls me Mrs. at every appointment, despite knowing I am male. Therefore, receiving a letter from him was not an option. Now, social distancing has delayed me even further. To this day, I have not received a letter.

In August of 2018, a doctor officially diagnosed me with gender dysphoria, the debilitating distress I feel because of a disconnect between my brain and how the world perceives my body. Since then, Ive received treatment through hormone replacement therapy or injecting my stomach every week with testosterone. This has relieved a lot of my symptoms, such as depression and anxiety.

Much of my dysphoria comes from not feeling socially included in male spaces. On a day-to-day basis, this means finding another bathroom at work because there are no open stalls. At a former internship and graduate school, this meant people intentionally calling me by my dead pronouns and grouping me in with women or ladies.

Its only recently that Ive started to be read as male in public (for example, grocery store cashiers calling me sir, people on the street calling me brother and guy). While this is a relief, its also scary. I avoid public gyms because I fear the potential violence and stigma Ill face in the mens locker. Receiving this surgery as soon as possible will allow me to avoid potential violence and live my life safely.

Now, I am waiting for a call from my surgeons office on whether or not my surgery and pre-op appointment will be rescheduled or canceled. Bottom surgery is one of the final steps Im taking in my gender transition. Most of my legal documents are male. My mail is addressed to Mr. Tatyana Bellamy-Walker and I have an M on my drivers license, social security records, and birth certificate.

And although transgender people are banned from the US military, I managed to be registered into the US Selective Service System, a military draft system for all males under the age of 26.

Yet, somehow, the pandemic is becoming my latest obstacle to participating in public life.

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Elective surgeries are being postponed during the coronavirus outbreak. But my gender-affirming surgery isnt optional its life-saving. - Business...

Unlocking the Secrets of Brown Fat – Michigan Medicine

Posted: March 30, 2020 at 9:44 pm

In recent years, brown fat has garnered attention as the so-called good fat that can protect against obesity and its associated health risks, like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Two separate major studies, one led by Liangyou Rui, Ph.D. and one by Ling Qi, Ph.D., both with the department of molecular & integrative physiology, help explain brown fats properties.

Located in small pockets throughout the body, most mammals use brown fat (and its closely related cousin beige fat) to stay warm. In mice and humans, if you have more brown or beige fat, you are more protected from metabolic disease, says Rui, the Louis G. D'Alecy Collegiate Professor of physiology at U-M Medical School, whose lab studies the molecular and physiological mechanisms of obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease. In a new study published in Nature Communications, Rui, first author Lin Jiang, Ph.D., and their colleagues reveal a pathway by which the hormone leptin contributes to weight loss.

Leptin regulates body weight by controlling appetite and energy expenditure, but exactly how has been a mystery. What is known, says Rui, is that leptin activates brown and beige fat. The new study elucidates a molecular accelerator of leptin action in the brain called Sh2b1. His team has found that Sh2b1 in the hypothalamus, an important brain region controlling body temperature and hunger among other functions, promotes the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system sends signals to brown and beige fat to activate it, thus maintaining body weight and metabolism.

The team demonstrated this proof-of-principle by creating two mouse models. Mice that lacked the Sh2b1 gene in the leptin receptor neurons had an incredibly reduced sympathetic drive to the brown and beige fat and reduced capability to promote energy expenditure, says Rui. This reduced the ability of brown fat to be metabolized into heat, lowering the mices core body temperature. Whats more, the mice also developed obesity, insulin resistance and a fatty liver. In contrast, mice with extra expression of Sh2b1 in their brains were protected from obesity.

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No one knew that Sh2b1 in the brain controls the sympathetic nervous system or was required for leptin to activate brown fat to increase energy expenditure, notes Rui. As for how this finding could be applied to humans, he says the hope is to eventually find a way to increase expression of Sh2b1 or its ability to enhance leptin signaling and fat burning.

Other U-M authors contributing to this paper include: Haoran Su, Xiaoyin Wu, Hong Shen, Min-Hyun Kim, Yuan Li, Martin G. Myers Jr, and Chung Owyang.

Brown fat gets its color from high amounts of iron-containing mitochondria, unlike the standard white fat linked to obesity. A team led by Qi, a professor of molecular & integrative physiology and internal medicine at U-M Medical School has been studying how mitochondria, the power plant of the cell, and another cellular structure called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is involved in the production of proteins and lipids, interact inside brown fat cells.

In particular, theyve studied the role of a protein complex involved in a process called ER-associated protein degradation, or ERAD. Simply put, ERAD is the process of removing and destroying misfolded proteins, like taking out the trash out of the ER.

Everyone thought that ERAD was just part of the general cellular response when cells are undergoing ER stress, says Qi. Weve shown over the past six years that it plays a fundamental role in health and disease.

In a new study, published in Science, Qi along with first authors Zhangsen Zhou, Ph.D., Mauricio Torres, Ph.D., and their colleagues demonstrate how an ERAD protein complex affects the proper function of mitochondria.

Typically, the ER and mitochondria have ongoing interaction at touch points called mitochondria-associated membranes. These points of contact mark areas for mitochondria to divide for the production of new mitochondria and for the exchange of other molecules such as lipids and calcium. The ER forms tubules that surround the mitochondria to get them ready for division.

Using state of the art 3D imaging, the researchers discovered what happens to mitochondria in brown fat that are missing part of an ERAD protein complex, called Sel1L-Hrd1, when exposed to cold.

When you delete this complex in brown adipocytes, the mitochondria become elongated and enlarged, says Qi. The 3D image enabled them to view a previously unrecognized interaction between the mitochondria and the ER, with the mitochondria wrapping in a U-shape around the ER tubules.

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When the mice were placed in a cold environment, the ends of the outer membrane of the mitochondria folded back on itself, eventually fusing and completely enveloping the ER tubules. The result, says Qi, are abnormally large, misshapen, dysfunctional mitochondria.

We showed that these mitochondria dont function normally and the mice become cold sensitive, their body temperature dropping very quickly, says Qi. In other words, without this ERAD protein complex, the brown fat is not being used to generate heat. Under a microscope, this dysfunctional brown fat had larger droplets of lipids than brown fat from mice with the protein complex intact.

This is highly unexpected. The results here fundamentally change our understanding of ER-mitochondrial communication and further demonstrate the importance of an ER degradation complex in cell biology.

This paper also includes contributions from the following U-M authors: Christopher Halbrook, Franoise Van den Bergh, Rachel B. Reinert, Siwen Wang, Yingying Luo, Allen H. Hunter, Thomas H. Sanderson, Aaron Taylor, Costas A. Lyssiotis, Jun Wu and Daniel A. Beard.

Papers cited:

Leptin receptor-expressing neuron Sh2b1 supports sympathetic nervous system and protects against obesity and metabolic disease, Nature Communications, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15328-3

Endoplasmic reticulumassociated degradation regulates mitochondrial dynamics in brown adipocytes, Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2494

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Unlocking the Secrets of Brown Fat - Michigan Medicine

From being obsessed with the gym to clean eating, three women reveal how their addiction to health made them – The Sun

Posted: March 30, 2020 at 9:44 pm

ADDICTION to drugs or booze can ruin lives but what about overdosing on healthier habits?

Singer Ellie Goulding has told how her obsession used to rule her life, saying: I did at one point have a gym addiction. I felt I had to go every day. I was skipping the studio and writing sessions that was when it just wasnt worth it. JENNY FRANCIS talks to three women about how their wellness cravings just made them unhealthily obsessive.

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SINGLE mum Chloe Howard became obsessed with sleep after reading about the importance of getting nine hours a night.

But the outdoor activities instructor, from Norwich, who is mum to Freddie, three, became so fixated on sleep-tracking apps, as well as associated herbal remedies,

breathing techniques and sleep-inducing exercise, that ironically she ended up with chronic insomnia and got into debt buying so many sleep products. She says:

"Ive always been interested in fitness and staying healthy and then last May, sleep seemed to be a big topic of conversation in the wellness scene. Lots of studies were talking about the importance of sleep, and sleep quality, for our mental health.

I was amazed at the science behind it all. I decided to revamp my bedtime for my health and began by going to bed earlier. But after a few nights of lying in bed at 9pm, trying desperately to nod off, it wasnt working. So I upped my game.

I bought sprays and balms that promised to help me drift off. I read articles on how to create the perfect sleep environment, and even redesigned my bedroom. I wanted a really accurate way to track my sleep, so I downloaded tracker apps on my phone.

The minute I woke up in the morning, I would download my data and check how many hours I had managed to get. The apps gave me a score, depending on the quality of my sleep, and if this dropped below 80 out of 100, then I would spend the whole day feeling anxious.

Id feel a growing sense of dread and pressure to do better the next night. I even began cancelling plans with friends to try to get afternoon naps to clock up my hours.

I began buying expensive herbal remedies, including Nytol and Sleepeaze tablets, magnesium supplements and valerian tablets. My bedtime routine took three hours, starting with sleepercise which is gentle exercise to get you ready for bed then a bath with oils, candles and yoga.

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By last October, I was taking treble the dose of my herbal tablets. Despite everything, I was sleeping less than ever. Id be awake for hours, worrying about this. I racked up about 850 on my credit card to get all the products I thought I needed.

But I was exhausted during the day, so miserable. When friends invited me out, I refused because I didnt want it to interfere at all with my sleep. I began to find parenting really tough. I would put my son to bed but, if he woke me up, I would find it really difficult not to be frustrated with him.

I realised I was more snappy with him and there were times when I worried more about my sleep than reading him a bedtime story. I decided I had to go cold turkey on it all.I deleted all the apps and threw away all the products. It was tough but, within a week, I was sleeping better than I had in months and felt much happier."

6

ORIANA FINDLAY got so addicted to working out she lost friends and became a shell of herself.

Oriana, from Richmond, South West London, works in fashion marketing and says a simple goal to tone up and drop a dress size quickly escalated from a healthy workout routine to a real obsession with exercise. She says:

"Id always tried to stay reasonably active. But back in January 2017 I made a New Year resolution to get fit and go from a size 10-12 to a size 8. Id just completed my degree and was applying for jobs so I wanted to look and feel my best.

I joined a local gym and started going three times a week for an hour. Id go on the treadmill or step machine and leave feeling really proud of myself. Within a few weeks I noticed a change in my body. I was sleeping better and had more energy.

By February I started upping my gym visits to four times a week, then increased to five days. I just wanted more of that buzz and as I got fitter, I wanted to keep improving.

I began taking pictures of myself at the gym and sharing them on social media, and I loved seeing all the likes and positive comments. Within six months Id lost one-and-a-half stone and was going to the gym seven days a week, sometimes for two hours at a time.

Every day I got up at 6am for a morning cardio class then Id spend the day thinking about whether I worked hard enough, and Id go back to the gym in the evening to do an hour of weights. Exercise came first above everything and Id get stressed or anxious if I had to miss a workout.

I was missing meet-ups with friends and even found it hard to reply to their messages because I was either too tired or too busy planning my next workout. I was constantly frustrated, tired, groggy and unhappy.

6

In March I sat down with my sister, Christine, and told her I needed help. We agreed to slowly wean me off exercise and she drew me up a new plan which limited me to four times a week to start with, then three and only an hour at a time.

I immediately started feeling happier, with more energy and had time to see the friends Id neglected. Im now a size 10, still toned, fit and healthy, but Ive left my addiction behind me."

6

FINANCIAL adviser Hannah Galliers needed therapy after becoming addicted to clean eating having a diet of whole-foods in their most natural state. This obsession made Hannah, from Gloucester, depressed. She says:

"Growing up, I was bullied because of my size. Id tried a few diets but none worked. In 2017 I started following lots of wellness and fitness accounts on Instagram to motivate myself.

Within a month I decided to swap to clean eating. I wanted to be like the girls I saw online slim, healthy and happy. I ditched all processed foods, any refined sugar, additives or anything pre-made, like sauces.

At first it was tough, but I loved copying the meals I saw on Instagram. I had the occasional piece of chocolate, but within a month Id already lost half a stone.

6

I decided the odd treats had to stop and everything I put in my mouth had to be clean. I became obsessive about foods I considered clean and every month would ban more from my list. I considered anything not on the list an enemy and was often hungry. I dropped from a size 14 to an 8.

By that October I was only eating a tightly controlled number of foods. I had a protein shake for breakfast. Lunch was plain chicken breast with no skin and steamed broccoli.

Then dinner was egg brown rice. I snacked on spinach and vegetables and refused to deviate. I only drank water or herbal tea and no alcohol at all.

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Friends were shocked at my weight loss but also couldnt believe the number of foods I refused to eat. Most of them teased me at first, but when I stopped accepting invites for drinks or dinner, they started to get annoyed.

I began to realise no one wanted to hang out with me. I hadnt been on any dates because I didnt want to drink or eat out.

I knew I needed to change so I saw my GP, who diagnosed me with an addiction and prescribed cognitive behavioural therapy. It taught me how to regain control. Im a size 12 and much happier.

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From being obsessed with the gym to clean eating, three women reveal how their addiction to health made them - The Sun


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