1. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors [published correction appears in JAMA 1999;281:1174] JAMA. 1999;281:53744....
2. Bhasin S, Buckwalter JG. Testosterone supplementation in older men: a rational idea whose time has not yet come. J Androl. 2001;22:71831.
3. Liverman CT, Blazer DG, eds. Testosterone and aging: clinical research directions. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2004.
4. Griffin J, Wilson J. Disorders of the testes. In: Harrison TR, Braunwald E, eds. Harrison's Principles of internal medicine. 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001:214354.
5. Feldman HA, Longcope C, Derby CA, Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Coviello AD, et al. Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:58998.
6. Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR. for the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:72431.
7. Rhoden EL, Morgentaler A. Risks of testosteronereplacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:48292.
8. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of hypogonadism in adult male patients2002 update. Endocr Pract. 2002;8:44056.
9. Dunn JF, Nisula BC, Rodbard D. Transport of steroid hormones: binding of 21 endogenous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin in human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;53:5868.
10. Davidson JM, Camargo CA, Smith ER. Effects of androgen on sexual behavior in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979;48:9558.
11. Hajjar RR, Kaiser FE, Morley JE. Outcomes of long-term testosterone replacement in older hypogonadal males: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:37936.
12. Skakkebaek NE, Bancroft J, Davidson DW, Warner P. Androgen replacement with oral testosterone undecenoate in hypogonadal men: a double blind controlled study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1981;14:4961.
13. Wang C, Swedloff RS, Iranmanesh A, Dobs A, Snyder PJ, Cunningham G, et al. Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:283953.
14. Behre HM, Kliesch S, Leifke E, Link TM, Nieschlag E. Long-term effect of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:238690.
15. Kenny AM, Prestwood KM, Gruman CA, Marcello KM, Raisz LG. Effects of transdermal testosterone on bone and muscle in older men with low bioavailable testosterone levels. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M26672.
16. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, Berlin JA, Loh L, Holmes JH, et al. Effect of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:196672.
17. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, Berlin JA, Loh L, Lenrow DA, et al. Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:264753.
18. Sih R, Morley JE, Kaiser FE, Perry HM III, Patrick P, Ross C. Testosterone replacement in older hypogonadal men: a 12-month randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:16617.
19. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Berlin JA, Hannoush P, Haddad G, Dlewati A, et al. Effects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:26707.
20. Wang C, Alexander G, Berman N, Salehian B, Davidson T, McDonald V, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy improves mood in hypogonadal mena clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:357883.
21. Dobs AS. Androgen therapy in AIDS wasting. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;12:37990.
22. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Stanley T, Baaj A, Basgoz N, Klibanski A. Effects of hypogonadism and testosterone administration on depression indices in HIV-infected men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:605.
23. Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. A double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of testosterone therapy for HIV-positive men with hypogonadal symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:1417.
24. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Parlman K, Costello M, Rosenthal D, Anderson E, et al. Effects of testosterone and progressive resistance training in eugonadal men with AIDS wasting. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:34855.
25. Khosla S, Melton LJ III, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM. Relationship of serum sex steroid levels to longitudinal changes in bone density in young versus elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:355561.
26. Janowsky JS, Oviatt SK, Orwoll ES. Testosterone influences spatial cognition in older men. Behav Neurosci. 1994;108:32532.
27. Cherrier MM, Asthana S, Plymate S, Baker L, Matsumoto AM, Peskind E, et al. Testosterone supplementation improves spatial and verbal memory in healthy older men. Neurology. 2001;57:808.
28. Meikle AW, Arver S, Dobs AS, Adolfsson J, Sanders SW, Middleton RG, et al. Prostate size in hypogonadal men treated with a nonscrotal permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system. Urology. 1997;49:1916.
29. Ferrando AA, Sheffield-Moore M, Yeckel CW, Gilkison C, Jiang J, Achacosa A, et al. Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;282:E6017.
30. Simon D, Charles MA, Lahlou N, Nahoul K, Oppert JM, Gouault-Heilmann M, et al. Androgen therapy improves insulin sensitivity and decreases leptin level in healthy adult men with low plasma total testosterone: a 3-month randomized placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:214951.
31. Whitsel EA, Boyko EJ, Matsumoto AM, Anawalt BD, Siscovick DS. Intramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2001;111:2619.
32. Watts NB, Notelovitz M, Timmons MC, Addison WA, Wiita B, Downey LJ. Comparison of oral estrogens and estrogens plus androgen on bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, and lipid-lipoprotein profiles in surgical menopause [published correction appears in Obstet Gynecol 1995;85(5 pt 1):668] Obstet Gynecol. 1995;85:52937.
33. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM. Differential symptom response to parenteral estrogen and/or androgen administration in the surgical menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;151:15360.
34. Phillips E, Bauman C. Safety surveillance of esterified estrogens-methyl-testosterone (Estratest and Estratest HS) replacement therapy in the United States. Clin Ther. 1997;19:107084.
35. Gelfand MM, Wiita B. Androgen and estrogen-androgen hormone replacement therapy: a review of the safety literature, 1941 to 1996 Clin Ther. 1997;19:383404.
36. Barrett-Connor E, Young R, Notelovitz M, Sullivan J, Wiita B, Yang HM, et al. A two-year, double-blind comparison of estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women. Effects on bone mineral density, symptoms and lipid profiles. J Reprod Med. 1999;44:101220.
37. Singh AB, Hsia S, Alaupovic P, Sinha-Hikim I, Woodhouse L, Buchanan TA, et al. The effects of varying doses of T on insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and C-reactive protein in healthy young men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:13643.
38. Kaplan HS, Owett T. The female androgen deficiency syndrome. J Sex Marital Ther. 1993;19:324.
39. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:32133.
40. The Endocrine Society. Endocrine society calls for clinical guidelines on androgens for women. Accessed online October 19, 2005, at: http://www.endosociety.org/news/press/2004/androgenguidelines.cfm.
41. Wisniewski AB, Nguyen TT, Dobs AS. Evaluation of high-dose estrogen and high-dose estrogen plus methyltestosterone treatment on cognitive task performance in postmenopausal women. Horm Res. 2002;58:1505.
42. Bachmann GA, Leiblum SR, Sandler B, Ainsley W, Narcessian R, Shelden R, et al. Correlates of sexual desire in post-menopausal women. Maturitas. 1985;7:2116.
43. McCoy NL, Davidson JM. A longitudinal study of the effects of menopause on sexuality. Maturitas. 1985;7:20310.
44. Davis SR, McCloud P, Strauss BJ, Burger H. Testosterone enhances estradiol's effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas. 1995;21:22736.
45. Lobo RA, Rosen RC, Yang HM, Block B, Van Der Hoop RG. Comparative effects of oral esterified estrogens with and without methyltestosterone on endocrine profiles and dimensions of sexual function in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:134152.
46. Sarrel P, Dobay B, Wiita B. Estrogen and estrogen-and rogen replacement in postmenopausal women dissatisfied with estrogen-only therapy. Sexual behavior and neuroendocrine responses. J Reprod Med. 1998;43:84756.
47. Burger H, Hailes J, Nelson J, Menelaus M. Effect of combined implants of oestradiol and testosterone on libido in postmenopausal women. Br Med J. 1987;294:9367.
48. Shifren JL, Braunstein GD, Simon JA, Casson PR, Buster JE, Redmond GP, et al. Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:6828.
49. Jassal SK, Barrett-Connor E, Edelstein SL. Low bioavailable testosterone levels predict future height loss in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10:6504.
50. Riley A, Riley E. Controlled studies on women presenting with sexual drive disorder: I. Endocrine status. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26:26983.
51. Goldstat R, Briganti E, Tran J, Wolfe R, Davis SR. Transdermal testosterone therapy improves well-being, mood, and sexual function in premenopausal women. Menopause. 2003;10:3908.
52. Noakes TD. Tainted glorydoping and athletic performance. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:8479.
53. Schmidt PJ, Daly RC, Bloch M, Smith MJ, Danaceau MA, Clair LSSt., et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone monotherapy in midlife-onset major and minor depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:15462.
54. Lawrence ME, Kirby DF. Nutrition and sports supplements: fact or fiction. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002;35:299306.
55. Lombardo JA. Supplements and athletes. South Med J. 2004;97:8779.
56. Green GA, Catlin DH, Starcevic B. Analysis of over-the-counter dietary supplements. Clin J Sport Med. 2001;11:2549.
57. Boehringer S. Comparison of testosterone products. Pharmacist's Letter. 2003;19:1983.
See more here:
Testosterone Treatments: Why, When, and How? - American ...
